Drying expiratory limb with tailored temperature profile and multi-lumen configuration
A drying expiratory limb of a breathing circuit is provided that is configured to increase or optimize drying of a gas to reduce or prevent condensation. The drying expiratory limb can include a wall that is at least partly made of a breathable material configured to allow transmission of water vapor but substantially prevent transmission of liquid water. The wall includes first and second openings in the wall, the openings respectively configured to receive a gas at a first temperature and a first relative humidity and to allow the gas to exit having a second temperature and a second relative humidity. The drying expiratory limb can be configured to tailor the temperature drop of the gas along the wall to maintain a relative humidity within a targeted range and/or to maintain the gas temperature above its dew point temperature.
1. A flexible expiratory limb suitable for use in a medical circuit, the flexible expiratory limb comprising:
a first opening configured to receive gases from a patient at a first temperature and a first relative humidity;
a second opening configured to allow the gases to exit the flexible expiratory limb, the gases having a second temperature and a second relative humidity;
a plurality of conduits each comprising a first end proximal the first opening, a second end proximal the second opening, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end, at least a part of the wall comprising a breathable material that allows transmission of water vapor while substantially preventing transmission of liquid water, and each wall defining a lumen; and
wherein, the flexible expiratory limb is configured such that, in use, the gases are received from the patient at the first end, the gases flowing through each of the lumens of the plurality of conduits toward the second end.
2. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of conduits improve drying relative to a single-conduit limb of similar volume and material.
3. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the plurality of conduits is configured such that the first temperature and the second temperature are maintained above dew point.
4. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 1 , wherein a relative humidity of the gases remains within a range of 90% to 99%.
5. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of conduits defines a lumen.
6. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 5 , wherein the lumens comprise less than 6 lumens.
7. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 5 , wherein the lumens defined by the plurality of conduits together define an effective inner diameter and the lumens defined by the plurality of conduits increase surface area for increased gas drying relative to a single lumen meeting the effective inner diameter and formed from the breathable material.
8. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 5 , wherein an effective ratio of surface area of the flexible expiratory limb to overall cross-section of the flexible expiratory limb is increased relative to a limb having an equal effective cross-section and material.
9. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 7 , wherein, relative to a single lumen limb, the lumens defined by the plurality of conduits increase cross sectional area to decrease flow rate in each lumen of the lumens.
10. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 1 further comprising at least one heater wire, the at least one heater wire being capable of altering a temperature of the gases.
11. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 10 , wherein the at least one heater wire delivers more heat to gas near the first opening than near the second opening.
12. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 1 , wherein at least two of the plurality of conduits are at least one of twisted together and braided together.
13. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 12 , wherein at least two of the plurality of conduits has a full length that is longer than a full length of the flexible expiratory limb.
14. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 12 , wherein a dwell time of the gases is longer in the plurality of conduits than in a single lumen limb of the same length as the flexible expiratory limb.
15. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 1 further comprising a sheath that extends over at least a portion of a length of the plurality of conduits.
16. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of conduits are secured together.
17. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of conduits are secured together using at least one of adhesive, clips, rubber bands, and ties.
18. The flexible expiratory limb of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of conduits are secured together while being physically separated from each other.