Patterned anodes for lithium-based energy storage devices
A lithium-ion battery may include a cathode, an anode, and a polymer electrolyte. The anode may include a current collector. The current collector may include a metal oxide layer provided in a first pattern overlaying a metal layer. The anode may also include a patterned lithium storage structure. The patterned lithium storage structure may include a continuous porous lithium storage layer overlaying at least a portion of the first pattern of metal oxide. These and other lithium-ion batteries are described.
1. A lithium-ion battery comprising:
a) a cathode;
b) an anode comprising:
i) current collector comprising a metal oxide layer provided in a first pattern overlaying a metal layer; and
ii) a patterned lithium storage structure comprising a continuous porous lithium storage layer overlaying at least a portion of the first pattern of metal oxide; and
c) a polymer electrolyte.
2. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises a polyvinylidene fluoride.
3. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises a polyethylene oxide.
4. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises poly(bis(methoxy-ethoxy-ethoxide))-phosphazene.
5. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises poly((oligo)oxyethylene) methacrylate-co-alkali metal methacrylate.
6. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, or polymethylacrylonitrile.
7. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises a polysiloxane.
8. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises an acrylate-based polymer.
9. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises a solvent-free polymer.
10. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises an ionic liquid polymer.
11. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the polymer electrolyte comprises an organic solvent.
12. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises LiCoO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 , LiNi X Co Y Al Z O 2 , LiFe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , or Li 2 FeSiO 4 .
13. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises selenium or sulfur.
14. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the continuous porous lithium storage layer has a total content of silicon, germanium, or a combination thereof, of at least 40 atomic %.
15. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the continuous porous lithium storage layer comprises amorphous silicon having an active areal density of at least 0.2 mg/cm 2 and the total content of silicon is at least 85 atomic %.
16. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , further comprising lithium storage nanowires overlaying the metal layer in one or more areas not occupied by the first pattern of metal oxide.
17. The lithium-ion battery of claim 16 , wherein the lithium storage nanowires comprise a metal silicide and amorphous silicon.
18. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 wherein the continuous porous lithium storage layer includes less than 10 atomic % carbon.
19. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the continuous porous lithium storage layer is substantially free of nanostructures.
20. The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal layer comprises stainless steel, titanium, nickel, copper, or a combination thereof.