Laser-beam welding method and laser-beam welding apparatus
While a laser-beam application position is moved along a locus which circularly or elliptically circles around a locus center so as to cross a weld line that is a boundary between a first metal plate and a second metal plate overlapped with each other, the locus center is moved in a direction parallel to a weld line. A moving direction of the laser-beam application position is set such that the laser beam is first applied to the first metal plate and then to the second metal plate when the laser beam passes through an unmelted zone of the first metal plate and the second metal plate. The unmelted zone is located downstream of a range through which the laser beam has already passed in the direction parallel to the weld line.
1. A laser-beam welding method of performing lap fillet welding by applying a laser beam to a laser-beam application region, the laser-beam application region including a portion of a first metal plate and a portion of a second metal plate, the first metal plate and the second metal plate being included in a plurality of metal plates overlapped with each other, the first metal plate being located on a first side in a plate-thickness direction of the plurality of metal plates and the second metal plate being located on a second side in the plate-thickness direction of the plurality of metal plates, the first metal plate and the second metal plate being overlapped with each other such that a distal end surface of the second metal plate is shifted with respect to a distal end surface of the first metal plate to provide a stepwise configuration, and the laser beam being applied from the first side to the laser-beam application region, the laser-beam welding method comprising:
moving a laser-beam application position such that, while the laser-beam application position is moved along a locus which circularly or elliptically circles around a locus center so as to cross a weld line that is a boundary between the first metal plate and the second metal plate, the locus center is moved in a direction parallel to the weld line, wherein the laser-beam application position is moved within a predetermined range including i) a first-side surface of the first metal plate, ii) the distal end surface of the first metal plate, and iii) a first-side surface of the second metal plate; and
bridging the first metal plate to the second metal plate by laser-beam welding, wherein a surface of the first metal plate that is bridged to the second metal plate is flat, wherein:
a moving direction of the laser-beam application position which conforms to the locus is set such that the laser beam is first applied to the first metal plate and then to the second metal plate when the laser beam passes through an unmelted zone of the first metal plate and the second metal plate, the unmelted zone being located downstream of a range through which the laser beam has already passed in the direction parallel to the weld line.
2. The laser-beam welding method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first metal plate is an upper plate, and the second metal plate is a lower plate,
the upper plate and the lower plate are overlapped with each other in a vertical direction,
the laser beam is applied, from above, to the laser-beam application region, and
the moving direction of the laser-beam application position which conforms to the locus is set such that the laser beam is first applied to the upper plate and then to the lower plate when the laser beam passes through the unmelted zone of the upper plate and the lower plate, the unmelted zone being located downstream of the range through which the laser beam has already passed in the direction parallel to the weld line.
3. The laser-beam welding method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first metal plate is a lower plate, and the second metal plate is an upper plate,
the upper plate and the lower plate are overlapped with each other in a vertical direction,
the laser beam is applied, from below, to the laser-beam application region, and
the moving direction of the laser-beam application position which conforms to the locus is set such that the laser beam is first applied to the lower plate and then to the upper plate when the laser beam passes through the unmelted zone of the upper plate and the lower plate, the unmelted zone being located downstream of the range through which the laser beam has already passed in the direction parallel to the weld line.
4. The laser-beam welding method according to claim 1 , wherein each of the metal plates is an aluminum-based metal plate.
5. A laser-beam welding apparatus configured to perform lap fillet welding by the laser-beam welding method according to claim 1 , the laser-beam welding apparatus comprising:
a scanning unit configured to move the laser-beam application position; and
a laser beam scanning control unit configured to control the scanning unit such that, while the laser-beam application position is moved along the locus which circularly or elliptically circles around the locus center so as to cross the weld line that is the boundary between the first metal plate and the second metal plate, the locus center is moved in the direction parallel to the weld line, the first metal plate being located on the first side in the plate-thickness direction of the plurality of metal plates and the second metal plate being located on the second side in the plate-thickness direction of the plurality of metal plates, and the first metal plate and the second metal plate being overlapped with each other such that a distal end surface of the second metal plate is shifted with respect to a distal end surface of the first metal plate to provide a stepwise configuration,
wherein the laser beam scanning control unit is configured to control the scanning unit to move the laser-beam application position within a predetermined range including i) a first-side surface of the first metal plate, ii) the distal end surface of the first metal plate, and iii) a first-side surface of the second metal plate, and to move the laser-beam application position such that the laser beam is first applied to the first metal plate and then to the second metal plate when the laser beam passes through the unmelted zone of the first metal plate and the second metal plate, the unmelted zone being located downstream of the range through which the laser beam has already passed in the direction parallel to the weld line.
6. The laser-beam welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the first metal plate and the second metal plate each have a plate-thickness of 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm.
7. The laser-beam welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further includes applying the laser beam to a region of the first metal plate that is in a semi-melting state.
8. The laser-beam welding method according to claim 1 , wherein the first metal plate is an upper plate, the second metal plate is a lower plate, and a line obtained by connecting locus centers of the locus of the laser-beam application position is on a side surface of the upper plate.