Plasmonic biosensor

1. Plasmonic biosensor system including:

a nano-hole array device comprising at least one nano-hole array including a plurality of nano holes, the at least one nano-hole array is functionalized by at least one molecule attached to the at least one nano-hole array to bind to a target antigen or biomarker,

an image sensor for capturing light provided by a light source for illuminating the at least one nano-hole array and transmitted through the at least one nano-hole array, and

at least one or a plurality of nano-particles configured to be received by the nano-holes of the at least one nano-hole array, the at least one or the plurality of nano-particles comprising at least one metal and the at least one or the plurality of nano-particles are functionalized by at least one further molecule attached to the at least one or each nano-particle, the at least one further molecule configured to bind or conjugate to a target antigen or biomarker,

wherein the nano-holes are configured to produce an extraordinary optical transmission resonance; and

wherein the system further includes a processor configured to receive image data from the image sensor and configured to determine or count, from the received image data, the nano-holes on the at least one nano-hole array having received a single nano-particle at which a quenching of transmission intensity of an extraordinary optical transmission occurs.

2. System according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one nano-hole array is configured to generate surface plasmons.

3. System according to claim 1 , wherein the system further includes a memory configured to store or storing processor executable instructions, the processor being configured to execute the processor executable instructions, the processor executable instructions comprising instructions to determine or count the nano-holes on the at least one nano-hole array at which quenching of transmission intensity occurs using the received image data.

4. System according to claim 3 , wherein the processor is configured to generate data or an image map identifying nano-holes on the at least one nano-hole array at which quenching of transmission intensity occurs and/or the processor executable instructions comprise instructions to generate data or an image map identifying nano-holes on the at least one nano-hole array at which quenching of transmission intensity occurs.

5. System according claim 4 , wherein the data or the image map is configured to provide a representation of at least one nano-particle in at least one nano-hole or in proximity of the nano-hole (NH) on the at least one nano-hole array.

6. System according to claim 3 , wherein the quenching of transmission intensity corresponds to the presence of a nano-particle in a nano-hole or in proximity of the nano-hole and the detection of a target antigen or target biomarker.

7. System according to claim 3 , wherein the processor is configured to generate data or an image map by subtracting intensity values of at least a part of a first image acquired in the absence of nano-particles on the at least one nano-hole array from intensity values of at least a part of a second image acquired in the presence of nano-particles on the at least one nano-hole array, and/or the processor executable instructions comprise instructions to generate data or an image map by subtracting intensity values of at least a part of a first image acquired in the absence of nano-particles on the at least one nano-hole array from intensity values of at least a part of a second image acquired in the presence of nano-particles on the at least one nano-hole array.

8. System according to claim 7 , wherein the processor is configured to align the first image with the second image using at least one alignment mark present in the first and second images, and/or the processor executable instructions comprise instructions to align the first image with the second image using at least one alignment mark present in the first and second images.

9. System according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one or the plurality of nano-particles has an average diameter that is between 25% and 100% of the average diameter of the nano-hole at an external surface of the at least one nano-hole array.

10. System according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one or the plurality of nano-particles are sub-wavelength in size.

11. System according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-holes are configured as a periodic nano-hole array or arranged in a periodic array arrangement.

12. System according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-holes of the nano-hole array have a symmetric geometry.

13. System according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one nano-hole array includes at least one or a plurality of alignment marks, and/or at least one or a plurality of quick response codes.

14. System according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-holes are metallic nano-holes or noble metal nano-holes.

15. System according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-particle is configured to be fully received through an aperture of the nano-hole of the at least one nano-hole array for entrapment inside the nano-hole.

16. Plasmonic bio-sensing method including the steps of:

providing a nano-hole array device comprising at least one nano-hole array including a plurality of nano holes,

providing a light source for illuminating the at least one nano-hole array,

providing an image sensor for capturing light provided by the light source and transmitted through the at least one nano-hole array, and

providing at least one or a plurality of nano-particles configured to be received by the nano-holes of the at least one nano-hole array, the at least one or the plurality of nano-particles comprising or consisting solely of at least one metal; and

functionalizing the at least one nano-hole array to capture a target antigen or biomarker, by attaching at least one molecule to the at least one nano-hole array, the at least one molecule being configured to bind to a target antigen or biomarker; and

functionalizing the at least one or the plurality of nano-particles with at least one molecule configured to bind or conjugate to the target antigen or biomarker by attaching at least one further molecule to the at least one or each nano-particle, the at least one further molecule being configured to bind or conjugate to a target antigen or biomarker;

wherein the nano-holes are configured to produce an extraordinary optical transmission resonance, and

wherein the method further includes the step of determining or counting, from received image data, the nano-holes on the at least one nano-hole array having received a single nano-particle and at which a quenching of transmission intensity of an extraordinary optical transmission resonance occurs.