Four-level power converter
Power converter for converting between a DC voltage and a AC voltage. The power converter may include: a DC link with a series of three capacitors, the outer nodes of the series forming an upper and a lower DC terminal and connection points between the capacitors forming an upper and a lower intermediate voltage node; and one or more phase legs. Each phase leg includes: an upper switch series between the upper DC terminal and the lower intermediate voltage node, with two semiconductor switches; a lower switch series between the lower DC terminal and the upper intermediate voltage node, with two semiconductor switches; and an inner switch series between the midpoints of the upper and the lower switch series, the inner switch series comprising two semiconductor switches, the midpoint forming an AC terminal of the power converter, wherein the semiconductor switches of the inner switch series are bidirectional semiconductor switches.
1. A power converter for converting between a first DC voltage and a second AC voltage, the power converter comprising:
a DC link with a capacitor series comprising three capacitors, wherein the outer nodes of the capacitor series form an upper DC terminal and a lower DC terminal and connection points between the capacitors form an upper intermediate voltage node and a lower intermediate voltage node; and
one or more phase legs, each phase leg comprising:
an upper switch series arranged between the upper DC terminal and the lower intermediate voltage node, the upper switch series comprising two semiconductor switches;
a lower switch series arranged between the lower DC terminal and the upper intermediate voltage node, the lower switch series comprising two semiconductor switches; and
an inner switch series arranged between the midpoints of the upper switch series and the lower switch series, the inner switch series comprising two semiconductor switches, the midpoint of the inner switch series forming an AC terminal of the power converter, wherein the semiconductor switches of the inner switch series are bidirectional semiconductor switches; and
a control unit to control the semiconductor switches of the inner switch series to switch with a frequency greater than 1 kHz and to control the semiconductor switches of the upper switch series and/or the lower switch series to switch with a frequency of less than 1 KHz.
2. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the bidirectional semiconductor switches comprise integrated bidirectional switches.
3. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor switches of the inner switch series have a voltage rating of less than ⅔ of the DC voltage.
4. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor switches of the inner switch series are optimized for low switching losses.
5. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor switches of the inner switch series comprise SiC switches or GaN switches.
6. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the switches of the upper switch series and/or the lower switch series are optimized for low conduction losses.
7. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the switches of the upper switch series and/or lower switch series comprise Si IGBT devices.
8. The power converter of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional inner switch series arranged in parallel to the inner switch series;
wherein the control unit is further arranged to control the semiconductor switches of the inner switch series and the additional inner switch series for interleaved operation.
9. The power converter of claim 1 , wherein the inner switch series, the upper switch series, and/or the lower switch series comprise exactly two semiconductor switches.