System and method for detecting, characterizing, and preventing tissue damage during a surgical procedure

1. A method for predicting potential damage to a tissue within a patient caused by tissue retraction during a surgical procedure, the method comprising:

during retraction of the tissue by a surgical retractor comprising a retractor beam and a retractor tip during a first time period, accessing a sequence of force signals representing forces applied to the tissue by the retractor tip;

based on the sequence of force signals, detecting a first sequence of forces applied by the retractor tip to the tissue during the first time period;

based on the first sequence of forces, detecting a first force applied by the retractor tip to the tissue approaching a first force threshold, the first force threshold based on a relationship between force applied by the retractor tip to tissues and deflection of the retractor tip against tissues;

in response to the first force applied by the retractor tip to the tissue approaching the first force threshold, generating a first warning prompt indicating possibility of damage to the tissue;

outputting the first warning prompt;

accessing a set of force-displacement data representing retraction of tissues during a set of previous surgical procedures on a population patients;

identifying a subset of force-displacement data, in the set of force-displacement data, indicating damage to tissues during retraction of tissues in the set of previous surgical procedures;

setting a second force threshold based on forces corresponding to damage to tissues represented in the subset of force-displacement data;

based on the first sequence of forces, detecting a second force applied by the retractor tip to the tissue approaching the second force threshold;

in response to the second force applied by the retractor tip to the tissue approaching the second force threshold, generating a second warning prompt indicating damage to the tissue; and

transmitting the second warning prompt.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, during a calibration period preceding the first time period:

tracking an initial sequence of forces applied by the retractor tip to the tissue based on the sequence of force signals;

tracking an initial sequence of orientations of the retractor tip based on a sequence of inertial signals output by the surgical retractor during the calibration period;

plotting a first force-displacement curve based on the initial sequence of forces and the initial sequence of orientations; and

calculating the first force threshold corresponding to onset of non-linear deformation of the tissue indicated in the first force-displacement curve.

3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:

generating a second force-displacement curve based on the first sequence of forces applied by the retractor and orientations of the retractor tip during the first time period; and

updating the first force threshold based on onset of non-linear deformation of the tissue, after experiencing stress-relaxation during the initial time period, indicated in the second force-displacement curve.

4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:

tracking a first sequence of orientations of the retractor tip during the first time period based on a sequence of inertial signals output by the surgical retractor during the first time period;

plotting a second force-displacement curve based on the first sequence of forces and the first sequence of orientations during the second time period; and

in response to the second force-displacement curve deviating from the first force-displacement curve:

generating a third warning prompt; and

outputting the third warning prompt.

5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:

displaying the first force-displacement curve against a first background color in response to a current force, in the first sequence of forces, falling below the first force threshold;

displaying the first force-displacement curve against a second background color in response to the current force, in the first sequence of forces, approaching the first force threshold; and

displaying the first force-displacement curve against a third background color in response to the foree-magnitudes current force, in the first sequence of forces, exceeding the first force threshold.

6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:

detecting an oxygenation level in the tissue;

generating a third warning prompt in response to the oxygenation level dropping below an oxygenation threshold, the third warning prompt indicating possibility of ischemia of the tissue; and

outputting the third warning prompt.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising populating the first warning prompt with a alert to reposition the surgical retractor on the tissue.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

tracking a second sequence of forces applied by the retractor tip to the tissue during a second time period following repositioning of the retractor tip on the tissue based on the sequence of force signals;

tracking a second sequence of orientations of the retractor tip during the second time period based on the sequence of inertial signals;

plotting a second force-displacement curve for the tissue based on the second sequence of forces and the orientations during the second time period;

calculating a difference in elasticity of the tissue between the calibration period and the second time period based on a difference between the first force-displacement curve and the second force-displacement curve; and

estimating an amount of damage to the tissue based on the difference in elasticity.

9. A method for predicting potential damage to a tissue within a patient caused by tissue retraction by a surgical retractor during a surgical procedure, the surgical retractor comprising a retractor beam and a retractor tip, the method comprising:

during a calibration period:

outputting a first sequence of force signals representing magnitude of forces applied to the tissue via the retractor tip;

outputting a first sequence of inertial signals representing orientation of the retractor tip;

tracking a first set of force magnitudes of forces applied by the retractor tip to the tissue based on the first sequence of force signals;

tracking a first set of orientations of the retractor tip against the tissue based on the first sequence of inertial signals;

plotting a first force-displacement curve based on the first set of force magnitudes and the first set of orientations;

during a first time period:

outputting a second sequence of force signals representing magnitude of forces applied to the tissue via the retractor;

outputting a second sequence of inertial signals representing orientation of the retractor tip;

tracking a second set of force magnitudes of forces applied by the retractor tip to the tissue based on the second sequence of force signals;

tracking a second set of orientations of the retractor tip against the tissue based on the second sequence of inertial signals;

plotting a second force-displacement curve based on the second set of force magnitudes and the second set of orientations; and

detecting the second force-displacement curve deviating from the first force-displacement curve; and

in response to detecting the second force-displacement curve deviating from the first force-displacement curve:

generating a first warning prompt indicating possibility of damage to the tissue; and

outputting the first warning prompt.

10. The method of claim 9 :

wherein detecting the second force-displacement curve deviating from the first force-displacement curve comprises:

detecting a first deviation between the first force-displacement curve and the second force-displacement curve at a first sampling interval during the first time period; and

detecting a second deviation between the first force-displacement curve and the second force-displacement curve at a second sampling interval succeeding the first sampling interval during the first time period, the second deviation exceeding the first deviation; and

wherein generating the first warning prompt indicating possibility of damage to the tissue comprises generating the first warning prompt indicating possibility of damage to the tissue based on the second deviation exceeding the first deviation.