Compositions and methods for making controls for sequence-based genetic testing
Provided herein are compositions that include nucleic acid fragments produced from double-stranded template nucleic acids, such as cell free DNA. The compositions can be used as positive or negative controls for quality of library preparation methods, calibration of an instrument such as a sequencing instrument, and/or a validation for a nucleic acid sequencing test. Also provided are methods for making the nucleic acid fragments.
1. A method of using a control in a nucleic acid detection test, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of double-stranded template nucleic acids originating from a sample obtained from a subject, wherein the double-stranded template nucleic acids comprise a population of sizes and sequences similar to or identical to the sizes and sequences obtained from the subject;
ligating a universal adapter to both ends and both strands of the template nucleic acids to form a plurality of adapter-template-adapter molecules comprising template nucleic acids flanked by the universal adapter, wherein the universal adapter comprises a region of double stranded nucleic acid; and
amplifying the plurality of adapter-template-adapter molecules with a first universal primer and a second universal primer to result in amplified adapter-template-adapter molecules;
removing at least a portion of the universal adapter from both ends of the amplified adapter-template-adapter molecules to result in removed universal adapters and a plurality of regenerated template nucleic acids (reDNAs), wherein the reDNAs comprise a population of template molecules of sizes and sequences similar to or identical to the sizes and sequences obtained from the subject;
performing a nucleic acid detection test on a test sample and on the reDNAs; and
analyzing results from the nucleic acid detection test using the reDNAs as a synthetic control.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the double-stranded template nucleic acids comprise cell free DNA (cfDNA).
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject is a pregnant human, and wherein the double-stranded template nucleic acids comprise a mixture of fetal and maternal nucleic acids.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the sample comprises cfDNA.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the fetus comprises a genetic condition.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the genetic condition is an aneuploidy.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject is suspected of having a neoplasm.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the sample comprises circulating tumor DNA and cell free normal DNA.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the universal adapter comprises a restriction endonuclease recognition site, and the removing comprises exposing the amplified adapter-template-adapter molecules to a restriction endonuclease and cleaving the adapter-template-adapter molecules to result in removed universal adapters and a plurality of reDNAs.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the cleavage site and the recognition site of the restriction endonuclease are separate.
11. A method of using a control in a nucleic acid detection test, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of regenerated template nucleic acids (reDNAs) originating from a sample obtained from a subject, wherein the reDNAs comprise a population of template molecules of sizes and sequences similar to or identical to the sizes and sequences obtained from the subject,
wherein each reDNA is an amplified template;
ligating a universal adapter to both ends of the template nucleic acids to form a plurality of adapter-template-adapter molecules comprising a template nucleic acid flanked by the universal adapter,
wherein the universal adapter comprises (i) a region of double stranded nucleic acid, and (ii) a region of single-stranded non-complementary nucleic acid strands comprising at least one universal primer binding site,
thereby producing a sequencing library for determining the sequence of at least a portion of templates
performing a nucleic acid detection test on a test sample and on the sequencing library; and
analyzing results from the nucleic acid detection test using the at least a portion of the sequencing library as a synthetic control.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
providing a surface comprising a plurality of amplification sites,
wherein the amplification sites comprise at least two populations of attached single stranded nuclei acids having a free 3′ end, and
contacting the surface comprising amplification sites with the plurality of adapter-template-adapter molecules under conditions suitable to produce a plurality of amplification sites that each comprise a clonal population of amplicons from an individual adapter-template-adapter molecule.
13. A method comprising performing a nucleic acid detection test on a plurality of regenerated template nucleic acids (reDNAs) obtained using the method of claim 1 .
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the reDNAs are a control for quality of library preparation methods.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the reDNAs are a calibration control for a sequencing instrument.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the reDNAs are a validation control for a nucleic acid sequencing test.
17. A method of using a control in a nucleic acid detection test, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of double-stranded template nucleic acids originating from a sample obtained from a subject, wherein the subject is a pregnant human, wherein the double-stranded template nucleic acids comprise a mixture of fetal and maternal nucleic acids, and wherein the double-stranded template nucleic acids comprise a population of sizes and sequences similar to or identical to the sizes and sequences obtained from the subject;
ligating a universal adaptor to both ends of the template nucleic acids to form a plurality of adaptor-template-adaptor molecules comprising a template nucleic acid flanked by the universal adaptor, wherein the universal adaptor comprises a region of double stranded nucleic acid; and
amplifying, such as by an exponential amplification reaction, the plurality of adaptor-template-adaptor molecules with a first universal primer and a second universal primer to result in amplified adaptor-template-adaptor molecules;
removing at least a portion of the universal adaptor from both ends of the amplified adaptor-template-adaptor molecules to result in removed universal adaptors and a plurality of regenerated template nucleic acids (reDNAs), wherein the reDNAs comprise a population of template molecules of sizes and sequences similar to or identical to the sizes and sequences obtained from the subject;
performing a nucleic acid detection test on a test sample and on the reDNAs; and
analyzing results from the nucleic acid detection test using the reDNAs as a synthetic control.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the amplification reaction is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the test sample is from a different subject.