IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,189,048
Granted Patent B2
US 12,189,048 · App. 16/866,223 · Granted Jan 7, 2025

Services and applications for a communications network

Inventors: Dennis J. Dupray (Golden, CO); Sheldon F. Goldberg (Las Vegas, NV)
G01S5/0258G01S5/0278G01S19/48H04W4/029H04W24/10H04W64/00H04W64/006H04W88/005
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,189,048
App. No.
16/866,223
Filed
May 4, 2020
Granted
Jan 7, 2025
Kind
B2
Examiner
LI, YONGHONG
Art Unit
3648
USPC
342/450
Abstract

A location system is disclosed for commercial wireless telecommunication infrastructures. The system is an end-to-end solution having one or more location centers for outputting requested locations of commercially available handsets or mobile stations (MS) based on, e.g., CDMA, AMPS, NAMPS or TDMA communication standards, for processing both local MS location requests and more global MS location requests via, e.g., Internet communication between a distributed network of location centers. The system uses a plurality of MS locating technologies including those based on: (1) two-way TOA and TDOA; (2) pattern recognition; (3) distributed antenna provisioning; (5) GPS signals, (6) angle of arrival, (7) super resolution enhancements, and (8) supplemental information from various types of very low cost non-infrastructure base stations for communicating via a typical commercial wireless base station infrastructure or a public telephone switching network. Accordingly, the traditional MS location difficulties, such as multipath, poor location accuracy and poor coverage are alleviated via such technologies in combination with strategies for: (a) automatically adapting and calibrating system performance according to environmental and geographical changes; (b) automatically capturing location signal data for continual enhancement of a self-maintaining historical data base retaining predictive location signal data; (c) evaluating MS locations according to both heuristics and constraints related to, e.g., terrain, MS velocity and MS path extrapolation from tracking and (d) adjusting likely MS locations adaptively and statistically so that the system becomes progressively more comprehensive and accurate. Further, the system can be modularly configured for use in location signaling environments ranging from urban, dense urban, suburban, rural, mountain to low traffic or isolated roadways. Accordingly, the system is useful for 911 emergency calls, tracking, routing, people and animal location including applications for confinement to and exclusion from certain areas.

Claims (30)

1. A method for providing, for each mobile unit (M) of a plurality of wireless telecommunication mobile units, a corresponding notification to at least one entity, the corresponding notification related to an instance for a product or service, wherein there is a network having a plurality of geographically spaced apart stationary network access units for receiving wireless communication from the mobile units, comprising performing, for the mobile unit M, (a) through (d) following by computational equipment:

(a) receiving, by an application connected to the network for providing the instance, input data indicative of one or more electronic inputs from the mobile unit M;

wherein a data content in a persistent machine data storage is accessible to the application, the data content used for determining the corresponding notification;

wherein the data content includes: (i) an identification of the mobile unit M or of a user of the mobile unit M, and (ii) data indicative of the at least one entity;

(b) authorizing the user or the application to access the data content;

(c) allocating the instance of the product or service to the user, the allocating dependent upon electronically stored data indicative of a preference for the instance for access by the user, the electronically stored data including (i) quality data indicative of a quality for the instance, or (ii) availability data for identifying when the user is available for accessing a location for the instance;

wherein location information is transmitted via wireless communication from the user's mobile unit M and received by the network, wherein the location information is dependent upon wireless signal location dependent measurements received from, or transmitted to, the user's mobile unit M;

wherein the allocating includes evaluating one or more proximity conditions, the proximity conditions being satisfied for a geographical location for the instance when the location for the user's mobile unit M as identified by the location information, and the geographical location are (i) within a preferred geographical extent of one another, or (ii) within a preferred time of travel of one another;

wherein the allocating includes preferring the user, for the instance, the preferring based on a performance by the user related to accessing one or more instances of at least one product or service, the instances of the at least one product or service previously identified to the user, wherein identification of the previously identified instances depends upon corresponding location information indicative of one or more locations for the user's mobile unit M; and

(d) when a first result is obtained from the preferring, electronically transmitting the corresponding notification to the at least one entity, the corresponding notification for providing data for bringing, geographically, the user and the instance together.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the preferring uses an identification of the at least one entity by the user.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one entity is different from both the mobile unit M, and the user.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one entity includes an entity having the instance.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the location information includes: identification data for identifying the user, and the one or more locations for the mobile unit M, wherein the location information is obtained as a result of a wireless communication of wireless signal location dependent measurements, the wireless communication of the wireless signal location dependent measurements transmitted from the mobile unit M and received by the network.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first result is obtained when the proximity conditions are determined to be satisfied.

7. The method of claim 1 , further including transmitting, according to the location information, one or more wireless messages to display at the mobile unit M, wherein the one or more wireless messages relate to the instance, and according to a proximity of the mobile unit M to the instance.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electronically stored data includes the quality data and the availability data.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the allocating includes evaluating a condition dependent upon a travel related time for the user travelling to the geographical location.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the preferred geographical extent comprises a predetermined geographical extent.

11. A method for providing, for each mobile unit (M) of a plurality of wireless telecommunication mobile units, a corresponding notification to at least one entity, the corresponding notification related to an instance of a resource, wherein there is a network having a plurality of geographically spaced apart stationary network access units for receiving wireless communication from the mobile units, comprising performing, for the mobile unit M, (a) through (d) following by computational equipment:

(a) receiving, by an application connected to the network for providing the instance, input data indicative of one or more electronic inputs from the mobile unit M;

wherein a data content in a persistent machine data storage is accessible to the application, the data content used for determining the corresponding notification;

wherein the data content includes: (i) an identification of the mobile unit M or of a user of the mobile unit M, and (ii) data indicative of the at least one entity;

(b) authorizing the user or the application to access the data content;

(c) allocating the instance of the resource to the user, the allocating dependent upon electronically stored data indicative of a preference for the instance for access by the user, the electronically stored data including (i) quality data indicative of a quality for the instance, or (ii) availability data for identifying when the user is available for accessing a location for the instance;

wherein location information is transmitted via wireless communication from the user's mobile unit M and received by the network, wherein the location information is dependent upon wireless signal location dependent measurements received from, or transmitted to, the user's mobile unit M;

wherein the allocating includes evaluating one or more proximity conditions, the proximity conditions being satisfied for a geographical location for the instance when the location for the user's mobile unit M as identified by the location information, and the geographical location are (i) within a preferred geographical extent of one another, or (ii) within a preferred time of travel of one another;

wherein the allocating includes preferring the user, for the instance, the preferring based on a performance by the user related to accessing one or more instances of at least one resource, the instances of the at least one resource previously identified to the user, wherein identification of the previously identified instances depends upon corresponding location information indicative of one or more locations for the mobile unit M; and

(d) when a first result is obtained from the preferring, electronically transmitting the corresponding notification to the at least one entity, the corresponding notification for providing data for bringing, geographically, the user and the instance together.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the instance provides a product or service to the user.

Continuity (4)
Continuation 13037337 · Feb 28, 2011
Continuation In Part 11838213 · Aug 13, 2007
Continuation In Part 11464880 · Aug 16, 2006
Related Publication 20200333426A1 · Oct 22, 2020
References Cited (400)
US 3630079A · Hughes et al. · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 3646580A · Fuller et al. · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3845289A · French · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3881060A · Connell et al. · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3886553A · Bates · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 4023176A · Currie et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4052569A · Pirnie, III · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4232313A · Fleishman · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4310726A · Asmuth · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4347618A · Kavouras et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4402049A · Gray · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4438439A · Shreve · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4445118A · Taylor et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4450320A · Ostermann et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4459667A · Takeuchi · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4463357A · MacDoran · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4475010A · Huensch et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4521645A · Carroll · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US RE31962E · Brodeur · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4542744A · Barnes et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4555594A · Friedes et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4558300A · Goldman · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4630057A · Martin · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4636795A · Dano · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4651156A · Martinez · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4651157A · Gray et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4660037A · Nakamura · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4670758A · Campbell · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4700374A · Bini · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4721958A · Jenkin · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4728959A · Maloney et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4740792A · Sagey et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4742357A · Rackley · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4743913A · Takai · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4750197A · Denekamp et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4760531A · Yasui et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4785463A · Janc et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4791572A · Green, III et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4799062A · Sanderford, Jr. et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4806940A · Harral et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4812980A · Yamada et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4814711A · Olsen et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4818998A · Apsell et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4857840A · Lanchais · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4860352A · Laurance et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4864313A · Konneker · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4866450A · Chisholm · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4870576A · Tornetta · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4876550A · Kelly · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4876738A · Selby · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4879713A · Ichiyoshi · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4888593A · Friedman et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4891650A · Sheffer · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4891761A · Gray et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4893325A · Pankonen et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4903212A · Yokouchi et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4908629A · Apsell et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4914689A · Quade et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4924491A · Compton et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4952772A · Zana · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4990922A · Young et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4992796A · Apostolos · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 4995071A · Weber et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5003317A · Gray et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5008679A · Effland et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5017926A · Ames et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5022067A · Hughes · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5022751A · Howard · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5032989A · Tornetta · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5034898A · Lu et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5043736A · Darnell et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5045852A · Mitchell et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5045861A · Duffett-Smith · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5046088A · Margulies · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5055851A · Sheffer · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5067153A · Willie et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5075694A · Donnangelo · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5077788A · Cook et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5092343A · Spitzer et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5099245A · Sagey · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5109399A · Thompson · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5111209A · Toriyama · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5119101A · Barnard · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5119102A · Barnard · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5119104A · Heller · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5136686A · Koza · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5142590A · Carpenter et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5153909A · Beckle et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5155490A · Spradley, Jr. et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5155688A · Tanaka et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5155689A · Wortham · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5161180A · Chavous · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5163004A · Rentz · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5166694A · Russell et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5177489A · Hatch · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5184347A · Farwell et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5185786A · Zwick · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5191342A · Alsup et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5193110A · Jones et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5202829A · Geier · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5208756A · Song · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5208757A · Appriou et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5210540A · Masumoto · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5212765A · Skeirik · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5212804A · Choate · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5214789A · George · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5216611A · McElreath · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5218367A · Sheffer et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5218618A · Sagey · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5218716A · Comroe et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5220509A · Takemura et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5223844A · Mansell et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5225842A · Brown et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5233541A · Corwin et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5235630A · Moody et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5235633A · Dennison et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5239570A · Koster et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5243530A · Stanifer et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5245651A · Takashima et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5251273A · Betts et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5257195A · Hirata · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5260711A · Sterzer · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5268958A · Nakano · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5276451A · Odagawa · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5278892A · Bolliger et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5280295A · Kelley et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5280472A · Gilhousen et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5282261A · Skeirik · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5293318A · Fukushima · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5293642A · Lo · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5293645A · Sood · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5295180A · Vendetti et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5299260A · Shaio · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5311195A · Mathis et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5311569A · Brozovich et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5317323A · Kennedy et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5319374A · Desai et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5323444A · Ertz et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5325419A · Connolly et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5327144A · Stilp et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5331550A · Stafford et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5334974A · Simms et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5334986A · Fernhout · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5337343A · Stickney · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5339351A · Hoskinson et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5343209A · Sennott et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5345245A · Ishikawa et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5347567A · Moody et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5347568A · Moody et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5349631A · Lee · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5359521A · Kyrtsos et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5363110A · Inamiya · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5365447A · Dennis · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5365450A · Schuchman et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5365516A · Jandrell · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5365544A · Schilling · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5367555A · Isoyama · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5373456A · Ferkinhoff et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5373546A · Holzermer · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5374933A · Kao · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5379224A · Brown et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5388145A · Mulrow et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5388147A · Grimes · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5388259A · Fleischman et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5389934A · Kass · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5390339A · Bruckert et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5392052A · Eberwine · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5392329A · Adams et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5394158A · Chia · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5394333A · Kao · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5394435A · Weerackody · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5394445A · Ball et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5395366A · D'Andrea et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5396548A · Bayerl et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5398277A · Martin, Jr. et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5398302A · Thrift · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5402520A · Schnitta · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5402524A · Bauman et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5408586A · Skeirik · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5408588A · Ulug · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5410737A · Jones · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5412388A · Attwood · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5412708A · Katz · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5416712A · Geier et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5418843A · Stjernholm · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5420594A · FitzGerald et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5420914A · Blumhardt · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5422813A · Schuchman et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5423067A · Manabe · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5425136A · Lo et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5426745A · Baji et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5428546A · Shah et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5430654A · Kyrtsos et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5432841A · Rimer · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5434927A · Brady et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5434950A · Kaallman · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5438517A · Sennott et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5438644A · Fu · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5438688A · Masaki · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5442349A · Inoue et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5444451A · Johnson et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5448618A · Sandlerman · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5448754A · Ho et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5452211A · Kyrtsos et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5457736A · Cain et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5461390A · Hoshen · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5465082A · Chaco · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5467282A · Dennis · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5473602A · McKenna et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5475745A · Boyle · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5477458A · Loomis · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5479397A · Lee · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5479482A · Grimes · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5485163A · Singer et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5488559A · Seymour · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5490073A · Kyrtsos · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5497149A · Fast · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5502757A · Bales et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5506864A · Schilling · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5508707A · LeBlanc et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5508708A · Ghosh et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5509055A · Ehrlich et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5510798A · Bauer · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5510801A · Engelbrecht et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5511109A · Hartley et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5512903A · Schmidtke · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5512904A · Bennett · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5512908A · Herrick · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5513111A · Wortham · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5513243A · Kage · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5513246A · Jonsson et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5515285A · Garrett, Sr. et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5515378A · Roy, III et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5515419A · Sheffer · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5517419A · Lanckton et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5517667A · Wang · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5519760A · Borkowski · 1996 [cited by examiner]
US 5526001A · Rose et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5526357A · Jandrell · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5526466A · Takizawa · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5532690A · Hertel · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5533100A · Bass et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5537460A · Holliday, Jr. et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5539395A · Buss et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5541845A · Klein · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5546092A · Kurokawa et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5546445A · Dennison et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5552772A · Janky et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5555257A · Dent · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5555286A · Tendler · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5555503A · Kyrtsos et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5559520A · Barzegar et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5559878A · Keys et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5561704A · Salimando · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5561840A · Alvesalo et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5563611A · McGann et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5563931A · Bishop et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5564079A · Olsson · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5565858A · Guthrie · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5570412A · LeBlanc · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5572218A · Cohen et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5574648A · Pilley · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5577169A · Prezioso · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5579368A · van Berkum · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5579535A · Orlen et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5581490A · Ferkinhoff et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5581596A · Hogan · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5583513A · Cohen · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5583517A · Yokev et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5586178A · Koenig et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5588038A · Snyder · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5592180A · Yokev et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5592378A · Cameron · 1997 [cited by examiner]
US 5594425A · Ladner et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5594650A · Shah et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5594740A · LaDue · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5594782A · Zicker et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5596332A · Coles et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5596625A · LeBlanc · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5598167A · Zijderhand · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5598460A · Tendler · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5600705A · Maenpaa · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5600706A · Dunn et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5602903A · LeBlanc et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5604765A · Bruno et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5608410A · Stilp et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5608854A · Labedz et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5610815A · Gudat et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5610972A · Emery et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5611704A · Kamizono et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5612703A · Mallinckrodt · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5612864A · Henderson · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5613041A · Keeler et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5613205A · Dufour · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5614914A · Bolgiano et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5617565A · Augenbraun et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5619522A · Dube · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5619552A · Karppanen et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5621848A · Wang · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5625668A · Loomis et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5625748A · McDonough et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5627547A · Ramaswamy et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5627549A · Park · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5627884A · Williams et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5629707A · Heuvel et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5631469A · Carrieri et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5631656A · Hartman et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5634051A · Thomson · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5635953A · Hayami et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5638486A · Wang et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5640103A · Petsche et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5642285A · Woo et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5642303A · Small et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5646630A · Sheynblat et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5646857A · McBurney et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5646987A · Gerber et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5649065A · Lo et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5652570A · Lepkofker · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5652788A · Hara · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5657010A · Jones · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5657025A · Ebner et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5657487A · Doner · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5663734A · Krasner · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5664948A · Dimitriadis et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5669061A · Schipper · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5673322A · Pepe et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5675344A · Tong et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5675788A · Husick et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5686924A · Trimble et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5689270A · Kelley et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5689548A · Maupin et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5697055A · Gilhousen et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5701328A · Schuchman et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5710328A · Spivey et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5710758A · Soliman et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5710918A · Lagarde et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5712900A · Maupin et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5715306A · Sunderman et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5717406A · Sanderford et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5717737A · Doviak et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5719584A · Otto · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5724047A · Lioio et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5724648A · Shaughnessy et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5724660A · Kauser et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5727057A · Emery et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5729549A · Kostreski et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5732074A · Spaur et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5732354A · MacDonald · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5736964A · Ghosh et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5737431A · Brandstein et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5740048A · Abel et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5740049A · Kaise · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5742509A · Goldberg et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5742905A · Pepe et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5751228A · Kamiya et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5754955A · Ekbatani · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5757316A · Buchler · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5761278A · Pickett et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5764756A · Onweller · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5768359A · DiPierro, Jr. et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5768360A · Reynolds et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5771280A · Johnson · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5774802A · Tell et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5774805A · Zicker · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5774829A · Cisneros et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5774869A · Toader · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5786773A · Murphy · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5787235A · Smith et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5787354A · Gray et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5790953A · Wang et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5790974A · Tognazzini · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5799016A · Onweller · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5799061A · Melcher et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5802454A · Goshay et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5802492A · DeLorme et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5802518A · Karaev et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5805670A · Pons et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5809415A · Rossmann · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5809437A · Breed · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5815417A · Orr et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5815538A · Grell et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5815814A · Dennison et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US RE35916E · Dennison et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5819273A · Vora et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5819301A · Rowe et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5822539A · van Hoff · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5825283A · Camhi · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5831977A · Dent · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5832059A · Aldred et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5832367A · Bamburak et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5835568A · Bass et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5835857A · Otten · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5835907A · Newman · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5838562A · Gudat et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5841396A · Krasner · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5842130A · Oprescu-Surcobe et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5844522A · Sheffer et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5845198A · Bamburak et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5845267A · Ronen · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5857181A · Augenbraun et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]