System, method, and outphasing power amplifier having vector generator and IQ modulators
A system may include a first IQ modulator configured to: based on an I and a Q, produce a zero to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal that changes relative to an input envelope of an RF drive waveform of the RF drive. The system may include a first amplifier path configured to: output a first phase modulated signal. The system may include a second IQ modulator configured to: based on the I and the −Q, produce a zero to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal that changes relative to the input envelope. The system may include a second amplifier path configured to: output a second phase modulated signal, wherein the second phase modulated signal is complementary to the first phase modulated signal. The system may include a vector generator configured to: generate the Q and the −Q for the first and second IQ modulators, respectively.
1. A system, comprising:
an input amplifier configured to: receive a radio frequency (RF) drive from an exciter; amplify the RF drive; and output an amplified RF drive, wherein the RF drive includes phase and envelope information of a modulated signal;
an input limiter configured to: receive the amplified RF drive; cap the amplified RF drive to no more than a predetermined voltage; and output a capped amplified RF drive;
a first in-phase component signal (I) and quadrature component signal (Q) modulator (IQ modulator) configured to: receive the capped amplified RF drive; receive an I and a Q; based at least on the I and the Q, produce a zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal that changes relative to an input envelope of an RF drive waveform of the RF drive; and output the zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal;
a first amplifier path configured to: receive the zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal; and output a first phase modulated signal;
a second IQ modulator configured to: receive the capped amplified RF drive; receive the I and a negative Q (−Q); based at least on the I and the −Q, produce a zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal that changes relative to the input envelope of the RF drive waveform of the RF drive; and output the zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal;
a second amplifier path configured to: receive the zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal; and output a second phase modulated signal, wherein the second phase modulated signal is complementary to the first phase modulated signal; and
a vector generator configured to: generate at least the Q and the −Q; output the Q to the first IQ modulator; and output the −Q to the second IQ modulator.
2. The system of claim 1 ,
wherein the first amplifier path comprises a first squaring amplifier, a first squaring limiter, and a first final output amplifier;
wherein the first squaring amplifier is configured to: receive the zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal; amplify the zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal; and output an amplified zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal;
wherein the first squaring limiter is configured to: receive the amplified zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal; square the amplified zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal to provide a first square wave drive signal; and output the first square wave drive signal;
wherein the first final output amplifier is configured to: receive the first square wave drive signal; amplify the first square wave drive signal to provide the first phase modulated signal; and output the first phase modulated signal;
wherein the second amplifier path comprises a second squaring amplifier, a second squaring limiter, and a second final output amplifier;
wherein the second squaring amplifier is configured to: receive the zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal; amplify the zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal; and output an amplified zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal;
wherein the second squaring limiter is configured to: receive the amplified zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal; square the amplified zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal to provide a second square wave drive signal; and output the second square wave drive signal;
wherein the second final output amplifier is configured to: receive the second square wave drive signal; amplify the second square wave drive signal to provide the second phase modulated signal; and output the second phase modulated signal.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein each of the first and second final output amplifiers is a class D, E, or F amplifier.
4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising an output balanced transformer configured to: receive the first phase modulated signal and the second phase modulated signal; combine the first phase modulated signal and the second phase modulated signal as a combined complementary phase modulated signal; and output the combined complementary phase modulated signal.
5. The system of claim 4 , further comprising a low pass filter configured to: receive the combined complementary phase modulated signal; filter off harmonics produced by the first and second final output amplifiers while providing a predetermined amount of impedance to the combined complementary phase modulated signal; and output a filtered combined complementary phase modulated signal as a forward signal.
6. The system of claim 5 , further comprising an antenna configured to: receive the forward signal; and transmit an RF signal based on the forward signal.
7. The system of claim 5 , further comprising a directional coupler configured to: receive the forward signal; sample the forward signal; and output the forward signal to an antenna.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the directional coupler is further configured to: sample the forward signal to monitor power of the forward signal.
9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the directional coupler is further configured to: sample the forward signal for monitoring feedback of an envelope of the modulated signal; and output a sample of the forward signal.
10. The system of claim 9 ,
further comprising an input detector, a feedback error amplifier, and a variable attenuator;
wherein the input detector is configured to: receive the amplified RF drive; strip the envelope from the amplified RF drive; and output an input envelope of the amplified RF drive;
wherein the feedback error amplifier is configured to: receive the sample of the forward signal and the input envelope of the amplified RF drive; compare an output envelope of the sample and the input envelope to create a difference signal; and output the difference signal;
wherein the variable attenuator is configured to: receive the difference signal and the input envelope; correct an envelope amplitude based on the difference signal and the input envelope; and based on the corrected envelope amplitude, output the I to the first IQ modulator, the second IQ modulator, and the vector generator.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the vector generator is an analog Q vector generator.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the analog Q vector generator uses an equation of Q equals 1 minus the I to generate the Q and the −Q.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the analog Q vector generator comprises a difference amplifier and an inverter amplifier, wherein the difference amplifier is configured to compare the I to a reference voltage of 1 volt to generate the Q; wherein the inverter amplifier is configured to generate the −Q.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the vector generator is a digital Q vector generator.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the digital Q vector generator is configured to: generate the Q and the −Q through use of at least one of: 1) a first equation of Q=√{square root over (1−I 2 )}; 2) a second equation of Q=1−I to generate the Q and the −Q; or 3) a third equation of
Q
=
A
tan
(
π
A
z
)
.
wherein A is amplitude.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the digital Q vector generator comprises a field-programmable gate array.
17. The system of claim 1 ,
further comprising an input detector configured to: receive the amplified RF drive; strip the envelope from the amplified RF drive; and output an input envelope of the amplified RF drive;
wherein the vector generator is a digital I and Q vector generator, wherein the digital I and Q vector generator is configured to: receive the input envelope of the amplified RF drive; based at least on the input envelope of the amplified RF drive, generate the I; output the I; and generate the Q and the −Q through use of at least one of: 1) a first equation of Q=√{square root over (1−I 2 )}; 2) a second equation of Q=1−I to generate the Q and the −Q; or 3) a third equation of
Q
=
A
tan
(
π
A
z
)
.
wherein A is amplitude.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the digital I and Q vector generator comprises a field-programmable gate array.
19. An apparatus, comprising:
an input amplifier configured to: receive a radio frequency (RF) drive from an exciter; amplify the RF drive; and output an amplified RF drive, wherein the RF drive includes phase and envelope information of a modulated signal;
an input limiter configured to: receive the amplified RF drive; cap the amplified RF drive to no more than a predetermined voltage; and output a capped amplified RF drive;
a first in-phase component signal (I) and quadrature component signal (Q) modulator (IQ modulator) configured to: receive the capped amplified RF drive; receive an I and a Q; based at least on the I and the Q, produce a zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal that changes relative to an input envelope of an RF drive waveform of the RF drive; and output the zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal;
a first amplifier path configured to: receive the zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal; and output a first phase modulated signal;
a second IQ modulator configured to: receive the capped amplified RF drive; receive the I and a negative Q (−Q); based at least on the I and the −Q, produce a zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal that changes relative to the input envelope of the RF drive waveform of the RF drive; and output the zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal;
a second amplifier path configured to: receive the zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal; and output a second phase modulated signal, wherein the second phase modulated signal is complementary to the first phase modulated signal; and
a vector generator configured to: generate at least the Q and the −Q; output the Q to the first IQ modulator; and output the −Q to the second IQ modulator.
20. A method, comprising:
receiving, by an input amplifier, a radio frequency (RF) drive from an exciter;
amplifying, by the input amplifier, the RF drive;
outputting, by the input amplifier, an amplified RF drive, wherein the RF drive includes phase and envelope information of a modulated signal;
receiving, by an input limiter, the amplified RF drive;
capping, by the input limiter, the amplified RF drive to no more than a predetermined voltage;
outputting, by the input limiter, a capped amplified RF drive;
receiving, by a first in-phase component signal (I) and quadrature component signal (Q) modulator (IQ modulator), the capped amplified RF drive;
receiving, by the first IQ modulator, an I and a Q;
based at least on the I and the Q, producing, by the first IQ modulator, a zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal that changes relative to an input envelope of an RF drive waveform of the RF drive;
outputting, by the first IQ modulator, the zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal;
receiving, by a first amplifier path, the zero degree to ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal;
outputting, by the first amplifier path, a first phase modulated signal;
receiving, by a second IQ modulator, the capped amplified RF drive;
receiving, by the second IQ modulator, the I and a negative Q (−Q);
based at least on the I and the −Q, producing, by the second IQ modulator, a zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal that changes relative to the input envelope of the RF drive waveform of the RF drive;
outputting, by the second IQ modulator, the zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal;
receiving, by a second amplifier path, the zero degree to negative ninety degree variable phase shifted output signal;
outputting, by the second amplifier path, a second phase modulated signal, wherein the second phase modulated signal is complementary to the first phase modulated signal;
generating, by a vector generator, at least the Q and the −Q;
outputting, by the vector generator, the Q to the first IQ modulator; and
outputting, by the vector generator, the −Q to the second IQ modulator.