Process for removing THC from cannabinoids
A method of removing THC and/or THCA from a mixture is provided, the mixture including at least one other cannabinoid. The method comprises passing a first feedstock stream through a first chromatographic resin arranged in a simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography configuration to provide a primary raffinate stream, preparing a second feedstock stream, the second feedstock stream comprising the primary raffinate stream or a concentrated primary raffinate stream, and passing the second feedstock stream through a second chromatographic resin to provide an eluate stream, the eluate stream having less than 0.3 wt % THC on a solvent free basis. The cannabinoid products can be used in various pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
1. A method of removing THC and/or THCA from a mixture, the mixture including THC and/or THCA and at least one cannabinoid, the method comprising:
preparing a first feedstock stream from the mixture, the first feedstock stream comprising THC and/or THCA, at least one cannabinoid, and a first solvent;
passing the first feedstock stream through a first chromatographic resin arranged in a simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography configuration to provide a primary raffinate stream and an SMB extract stream, the primary raffinate stream having less than 0.9 wt % THC on a solvent free basis and optionally a higher weight percentage of at least one cannabinoid than in the first feedstock stream on a solvent free basis;
optionally removing at least a portion of the first solvent from the primary raffinate stream to produce a concentrated primary raffinate stream;
preparing a second feedstock stream, the second feedstock stream comprising the primary raffinate stream or the concentrated primary raffinate stream and a second solvent and the second feedstock stream having less than 0.9 wt % THC on a solvent free basis; and
passing the second feedstock stream through a second chromatographic resin to provide an eluate stream, the eluate stream having less than 0.3 wt % THC on a solvent free basis and optionally a higher weight percentage of at least one cannabinoid than in the second feedstock stream on a solvent free basis.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), or a mixture thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first chromatographic resin and the second chromatographic resin are each independently selected from:
(i) an activated carbon adsorbent,
(ii) a silica adsorbent,
(iii) a hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent,
(iv) an activated alumina adsorbent,
(v) a reverse phase carbon-based adsorbent, and
(vi) a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first chromatographic resin is a hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent has:
(i) an average particle diameter of 20 microns to 600 microns,
(ii) an average surface area of 450 m 2 /g to 900 m 2 /g,
(iii) an average pore size of 75 Å to 550 Å,
(iv) an average water content of 35% to 80%,
(v) an average bulk density of 0.45 g/mL to 0.9 g/mL, or
(vi) any combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent is a polystyrene-divinylbenzene adsorbent.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second chromatographic resin is an activated carbon adsorbent.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the activated carbon adsorbent has:
(i) an average particle diameter of 40 microns to 1700 microns,
(ii) an iodine number of 900 mg/g or more, or
(iii) a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second chromatographic resin is disposed in a single column or more than one column in series.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second chromatographic resin is arranged in a simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography configuration.
11. A method of removing THC and/or THCA from a mixture, the mixture including THC and/or THCA and at least one cannabinoid, the method comprising:
preparing a first feedstock stream from the mixture, the first feedstock stream comprising THC and/or THCA, at least one cannabinoid, and a first solvent;
passing the first feedstock stream through a first chromatographic resin arranged in a simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography configuration to provide a primary raffinate stream and an SMB extract stream, the SMB extract stream having a higher weight percentage of THC and/or THCA on a solvent free basis and optionally a higher weight percentage of at least one cannabinoid than in the first feedstock stream on a solvent free basis;
optionally removing at least a portion of the first solvent from the SMB extract stream to produce a concentrated SMB extract stream;
preparing a second feedstock stream, the second feedstock stream comprising the SMB extract stream or the concentrated SMB extract stream and a second solvent; and
passing the second feedstock stream through a second chromatographic resin to provide an eluate stream, the eluate stream having less than 0.3 wt % THC on a solvent free basis and optionally a higher weight percentage of at least one cannabinoid than in the second feedstock stream on a solvent free basis.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the at least one cannabinoid comprises cannabichromene (CBC).
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first chromatographic resin and the second chromatographic resin are each independently selected from:
(i) an activated carbon adsorbent,
(ii) a silica adsorbent,
(iii) a hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent,
(iv) an activated alumina adsorbent,
(v) a reverse phase carbon-based adsorbent, and
(vi) a combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first chromatographic resin is a hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent has:
(i) an average particle diameter of 20 microns to 600 microns,
(ii) an average surface area of 450 m 2 /g to 900 m 2 /g,
(iii) an average pore size of 75 Å to 550 Å,
(iv) an average water content of 35% to 80%,
(v) an average bulk density of 0.45 g/mL to 0.9 g/mL, or
(vi) any combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent is a polystyrene-divinylbenzene adsorbent.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second chromatographic resin is a silica adsorbent.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the silica adsorbent has:
(i) an average particle diameter of 25 microns to 300 microns,
(ii) an average surface area of 350 m 2 /g to 850 m 2 /g,
(iii) an average pore size of 40 Å to 1000 Å,
(iv) an average bulk density of 0.4 g/mL to 0.8 g/mL,
(v) an average pore volume of 0.7 mL/g to 0.85 mL/g, or
(vi) any combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second chromatographic resin is disposed in a single column or more than one column arranged in series.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second chromatographic resin is arranged in a simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography configuration.
21. A method of removing THC and/or THCA from a mixture, the mixture including THC and/or THCA and at least one cannabinoid, the method comprising:
preparing a first feedstock stream from the mixture, the first feedstock stream comprising THC and/or THCA, at least one cannabinoid, and a first solvent;
passing the first feedstock stream through a first chromatographic resin arranged in a simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography configuration to provide a primary raffinate stream and an SMB extract stream, wherein passing the first feedstock stream through the first chromatographic resin arranged in a simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography configuration removes greater than 50 wt % of the THC from the mixture as measured by the mass of THC in the primary raffinate compared to the mass of THC in the mixture;
optionally removing at least a portion of the first solvent from the primary raffinate stream to produce a concentrated primary raffinate stream;
preparing a second feedstock stream, the second feedstock stream comprising the primary raffinate stream or the concentrated primary raffinate stream and a second solvent; and
passing the second feedstock stream through a second chromatographic resin to provide an eluate stream, wherein passing the second feedstock stream through the second chromatographic resin removes up to 50 wt % of the THC from the mixture as measured by the mass of THC in the eluate stream compared to the mass of THC in the mixture.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the at least one cannabinoid is cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), or a mixture thereof.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the first chromatographic resin and the second chromatographic resin are each independently selected from:
(i) an activated carbon adsorbent,
(ii) a silica adsorbent,
(iii) a hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent,
(iv) an activated alumina adsorbent,
(v) a reverse phase carbon-based adsorbent, and
(vi) a combination thereof.
24. The method of claim 21 , wherein the first chromatographic resin is a hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent has:
(i) an average particle diameter of 20 microns to 600 microns,
(ii) an average surface area of 450 m 2 /g to 900 m 2 /g,
(iii) an average pore size of 75 Å to 550 Å,
(iv) an average water content of 35% to 80%,
(v) an average bulk density of 0.45 g/mL to 0.9 g/mL, or
(vi) any combination thereof.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein the hydrophobic divinylbenzene-based adsorbent is a polystyrene-divinylbenzene adsorbent.
27. The method of claim 21 , wherein the second chromatographic resin is an activated carbon adsorbent.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the activated carbon adsorbent has:
(i) an average particle diameter of 40 microns to 1700 microns,
(ii) an iodine number of 900 mg/g or more, or
(iii) a combination thereof.
29. The method of claim 21 , wherein the second chromatographic resin is disposed in a single column or more than one column in series.
30. The method of claim 21 , wherein the second chromatographic resin is arranged in a simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography configuration.