Automated nested recombinase polymerase amplification
A flu assay system including a sample module, a microfluidic nucleic acid amplification device, and an analyzer to facilitate fully automated nested recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) on a sample delivered to the nucleic acid amplification device via the sample module. The assay includes providing a sample to a microfluidic device, and amplifying a target polynucleotide sequence in the sample. Amplifying the target polynucleotide sequence includes performing a first round of amplification on the sample to yield a first amplification product, and performing a second round of amplification on the first amplification product to yield a second amplification product. The second amplification product includes a smaller sequence completely contained within the first amplification product produced during the first round of amplification.
1. A method comprising:
providing the following as separate modules: 1) a microfluidic device comprising recombinase polymerase amplification reagents and a detection chamber comprising measurement electrodes; 2) a transfer module comprising oligomers; and 3) a receiver module comprising a sample;
mating the transfer module and the receiver module to provide a sample module;
mating the sample module to the microfluidic device;
amplifying a target polynucleotide sequence in the sample, wherein the amplifying comprises:
performing a first round of recombinase polymerase amplification on the sample to yield a first amplification product;
moving a portion of the first amplification product to a secondary reaction chamber; and
performing in the secondary reaction chamber a second round of recombinase polymerase amplification on the first amplification product to yield a second amplification product, wherein the second amplification product comprises a smaller sequence completely contained within the first amplification product produced during the first round of amplification;
labeling the second amplification product with a first oligonucleotide probe linked to a redox moiety to yield a labeled second amplification product;
cleaving the redox moiety from the labeled second amplification product; and
electrochemically detecting a signal from the cleaved redox moiety with the measurement electrodes, wherein a detectable signal is indicative of the presence of the second amplification product.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the redox moiety is selected from the group consisting of phenothiazine, a phenoxazine, a ferrocene, ferricyanide, ruthenium (III), osmium (II), an anthraquinone, a phenazine, and derivatives thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein cleaving the redox moiety is performed using a nuclease.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the nuclease targets double-stranded DNA.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the nuclease is formamidopyrimine-DNA glycosylase.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is obtained from an animal.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the sample obtained from an animal is obtained from the blood, sputum, mucus, saliva, tears, or urine of the animal.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the sample is obtained from a human.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein a target nucleic acid comprises said target polynucleotide sequence and a sequence complementary to at least a portion of a primer sequence.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the target nucleic acid is obtained from an animal pathogen.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the animal pathogen is a single-stranded DNA virus, double-stranded DNA virus, or single-stranded RNA virus.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the animal pathogen is a bacterium.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the animal pathogen is an influenza A virus or an influenza B virus.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the target nucleic acid is double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, or RNA.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the target nucleic acid is selected from the group consisting of genomic DNA, plasmid DNA, viral DNA, mitochondrial DNA, cDNA, synthetic double-stranded DNA and synthetic single-stranded DNA.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein the target nucleic acid is viral DNA or viral RNA.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein two or more target polynucleotide sequences in the sample are amplified.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein a target polynucleotide sequence comprising an influenza A gene sequence and a target polynucleotide sequence comprising an influenza B gene sequence are amplified.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein two or more second amplification products are detected.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein a second amplification product comprising an influenza A gene sequence and a second amplification product comprising an influenza B gene sequence are detected.