Ultraportable system for intraoperative isolative and regulation of surgical site environments
A portable surgical system including a transparent and flexible plastic enclosure ( 1 ) is disclosed. The enclosure is attached reversibly to the patient's body encompassing the surgical site such as to isolate and regulate the immediate environment of the surgical site, and to reduce bodily fluid splatters from the surgical site to the surgical providers. The enclosure is inflated with filtered air. Arm ports ( 8 ) are integrated into the enclosure to allow access to the inside of the enclosure by either provider arms or augmenting instrumentation taking the place of arms such as laparoscopes or robots. Material ports ( 10 ) maintain enclosure environmental integrity but allow the passing of anatomical specimens, instruments, and other materials into and out of the enclosure ( 1 ) during a procedure. The portable surgical system is lightweight and can be used in conventional operating rooms to improve sterility, or in other circumstances where no operating room is available, such as field hospitals.
1. A portable surgical system comprising:
a flexible enclosure separating a surgical environment inside the flexible enclosure from a user environment outside the flexible enclosure, the flexible enclosure comprising:
a drape configured to be disposed on a body of a patient to enclose a surgical site of the body of the patient, the drape comprising a releasable adhesive to engage with a skin of the patient;
one or more areas of high optical clarity for viewing an inside of the flexible enclosure;
a flexible tube attached to the inside of the flexible enclosure and in use extends longitudinally caudally to cranially along the body of the patient, the flexible tube being connected to an environmental control system and being disposed, in part, above the surgical site; and
a plurality of perforations disposed along an axial direction of the flexible tube according to determined diameters and positions to support an essentially uniform laminar airflow in the flexible tube such that air flow through each of the perforations is identical, wherein the perforations have equal diameters and a positional distribution of non-uniform density; and
the environmental control system configured to supply air to the flexible tube of the flexible enclosure and to create essentially sterile conditions inside the flexible enclosure; and
one or more ports for accessing the surgical site.
2. The portable surgical system of claim 1 , wherein:
the flexible enclosure further comprises at least one instrument section configured to accommodate inside the flexible enclosure an instrument tray.
3. The portable surgical system of claim 2 , wherein the instrument tray is disposed proximately to the surgical site above a portion of the body of the patient.
4. The portable surgical system of claim 1 , wherein:
the system further comprises a frame configured to support the flexible enclosure, wherein the frame is disposed outside the flexible enclosure.
5. The portable surgical system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more arm ports disposed into sides of the flexible enclosure, wherein each arm port is configured such that the arm port permits an arm of a user to access the surgical site without substantially allowing either inward contamination of the surgical site by external air or outward contamination of a provider by contaminants emanating from the body of the patient; and
wherein at least some of the arm ports are configured to enable an operating instrument to access the surgical site.
6. The portable surgical system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more material ports disposed into sides of the flexible enclosure, wherein the material ports are configured so as to permit materials to be taken into and out of the flexible enclosure without substantially allowing either inward contamination of the surgical site by external air or outward contamination of a provider by contaminants emanating from the body of the patient.
7. The portable surgical system of claim 1 , wherein the flexible tube comprises in whole or in part a collapsible tube configured to assume an open state while airflow through the collapsible tube exerts radial outward pressure sufficient to overcome a radial inward pressure of the flexible enclosure, and to assume a collapsed closed state when the airflow through the collapsible tube is low such that the pressure exerted by the airflow is less than the radial inward pressure of the flexible enclosure; and
wherein the open or closed state of the collapsible tube serves as an indicator of airflow status to the flexible enclosure.
8. The portable surgical system of claim 1 , wherein:
the releasable adhesive comprises antimicrobial impregnation.
9. The portable surgical system of claim 1 , wherein the positional distribution of the perforations along the flexible tube essentially follow an inverse of an elliptically shaped function.
10. The portable surgical system of claim 1 , wherein the positions of the perforations along the flexible tube are determined according to a specific set of mathematical expressions.
11. The portable surgical system of claim 1 , wherein the positions of the perforations along the flexible tube are determined by a computation comprising a plurality of iterations, the iterations further comprising:
a first step wherein a set of exit flow velocities is assigned to each of the perforations;
a second step wherein the set of exit velocities assigned in the first step is used to calculate a set of longitudinal flow velocities in the flexible tube;
a third step wherein the set of longitudinal flow velocities calculated in the second step are used to calculate a set of pressures corresponding to each of the perforations;
a fourth step wherein Bernoulli's equation and the set of pressures calculated in the third step are used to calculate an updated set of exit velocities corresponding to each of the perforations; and
a fifth step wherein the updated set of exit velocities determined in the fourth step are scaled such as to satisfy mass conservation, thereby obtaining a set of estimated velocities corresponding to each of the perforations,
wherein the set of estimated velocities determined in the fifth step of an iteration are used as input for a next iteration.
12. The portable surgical system of claim 11 , wherein the set of exit flow velocities assigned to each of the perforations in the first step of a first iteration follow a linearly increasing distribution.
13. The portable surgical system of claim 11 , wherein the computation comprises a number N of iterations, such that N sets of estimated exit velocities determined after running each of the N iterations converges to a stable distribution of exit velocities.
14. A portable surgical system comprising:
a flexible enclosure separating a surgical environment inside the flexible enclosure from a user environment outside the flexible enclosure, the flexible enclosure comprising:
a drape configured to be disposed on a body of a patient to enclose a surgical site of the body of the patient, the drape comprising a releasable adhesive to engage with a skin of the patient;
one or more areas of high optical clarity for viewing an inside of the flexible enclosure;
a flexible tube attached to the inside of the flexible enclosure and in use extends longitudinally caudally to cranially along the body of the patient, the flexible tube being connected to an environmental control system and being disposed, in part, above the surgical site; and
a plurality of perforations disposed along an axial direction of the flexible tube according to determined diameters and positions to support an essentially uniform laminar airflow in the flexible tube such that air flow through each of the perforations is identical, wherein the positions of the perforations are determined as a function of a stable distribution of exit velocities according to:
(
x
j
+
1
-
x
j
)
=
α
·
1
v
F
j
;
(
where
1
≤
j
≤
k
)
,
wherein a is determined by setting a distance between a first perforation and a last perforation to a length of x k −x 1 ;
wherein the perforations have equal diameters and a positional distribution of non-uniform density; and
the environmental control system configured to supply air to the flexible tube of the flexible enclosure and to create essentially sterile conditions inside the flexible enclosure; and
one or more ports for accessing the surgical site.
15. A portable surgical system comprising:
a flexible enclosure separating a surgical environment inside the flexible enclosure from a user environment outside the flexible enclosure, the flexible enclosure comprising a flexible tube configured to receive air from an environmental control system,
wherein the flexible tube:
in use, extends longitudinally caudally to cranially along a body of a patient;
comprises a plurality of perforations disposed along an axial direction of the flexible tube according to determined diameters and positions to support an essentially uniform laminar airflow in the flexible tube such that air flow through each of the perforations is identical; and
is configured to operate as a valve system to prevent air backflow from the flexible enclosure;
wherein the perforations have equal diameters and a positional distribution of non-uniform density;
wherein the flexible tube is in a collapsed state when air pressure inside the flexible enclosure is pushing air from the flexible enclosure towards the user environment; and
wherein the flexible tube is in an expanded state when air is flowing from the environmental control system into the surgical environment inside the flexible enclosure.
16. The portable surgical system of claim 15 , wherein:
the flexible tube is in the expanded state when the air is received from an air supply system of the environmental control system; and
the flexible tube is in the collapsed state when air pressure within the flexible enclosure is pushing air outwardly in a direction outside the enclosure.
17. The portable surgical system of claim 15 , wherein:
the flexible tube is configured to operate in a plurality of states based on airflow, the plurality of states comprising an open state and a closed state;
in the open state, the flexible tube is configured to receive a net positive airflow from an air supply system of the environmental control system; and
in the closed state, the flexible tube is configured to prevent flow reversal in response to no airflow or reverse airflow occurring from the air supply system to the flexible enclosure.