Automatic tool changer and control method therefor and machine tool including same
The present disclosure relates to an automatic tool changer for a machine tool which can change a tool mounted on a tool post by moving both of a magazine and a tool post to be concentric in order to change a tool in a horizontal type machine tool such as a lathe or a horizontal type turning center; a method of controlling the automatic tool changer and a machine tool including the automatic tool changer.
1. An automatic tool changer of a machine tool, comprising:
a base that is installed on top of a spindle of the machine tool, wherein the spindle is configured to hold a workpiece;
a support that is installed on the base such that the support is displaceable in a first horizontal direction;
a magazine that is configured to hold a plurality of tools, wherein the magazine is installed on the support such that the magazine is displaceable along with the support in the first horizontal direction; and
a tool support that is configured to support a selected tool of the plurality of tools during a tool exchange,
wherein the tool support comprises a guide; a slider that is installed on the guide so as to be displaceable in the first horizontal direction; and an elevator that is installed on the slider such that the elevator is displaceable along with the slider in the first horizontal direction, and wherein a compensator of the elevator is configured to be moved up and down with respect to the slider so as to contact and support a first end of the selected tool;
wherein, during the tool exchange, an opposing second end of the selected tool is clamped by a first gripper of the magazine, and the first end of the selected tool is contacted and supported by the compensator of the elevator so as to maintain the selected tool in an orientation in which a longitudinal axis of the selected tool extends horizontally; and
wherein the magazine is configured to be moved toward a tool post of the machine tool such that the selected tool of the plurality of tools is directly exchanged from the magazine to the tool post.
2. The automatic tool changer of claim 1 ,
wherein the magazine is installed so as to be rotatable about a horizontally extending rotation axis, and
wherein the plurality of tools held on the magazine are horizontally disposed.
3. The automatic tool changer of claim 1 , wherein the base includes a coupling part that is disposed over the spindle.
4. The automatic tool changer of claim 3 , wherein the base further includes:
an inclination part, which is installed on top of the spindle so as to be in parallel with or at an angle with respect to a vertical feeding axis of the tool post, wherein
the coupling part is installed on the inclination part.
5. The automatic tool changer of claim 1 , further comprising a moving mechanism, wherein the moving mechanism includes:
a first moving assembly that is disposed on the base and that is configured to straightly reciprocate the support in the first horizontal direction; and
a second moving assembly that crosses the first moving assembly at a right angle on the support and that is configured to straightly reciprocate the magazine.
6. The automatic tool changer of claim 5 , wherein the magazine includes:
a body that is coupled to the second moving assembly;
a rotary shaft that extends from the body such that a longitudinal axis of the shaft extends parallel to the first horizontal direction;
a tool disc having a plurality of grippers configured to hold the plurality of tools circumferentially around a rotation center of the rotary shaft, wherein the tool disc is coupled to the rotary shaft and is configured to be rotated by rotation of the rotary shaft; and
a rotator configured to generate power for rotating the rotary shaft.
7. The automatic tool changer of claim 5 , wherein the magazine further includes a checker that is configured to check whether the selected tool is clamped during the tool exchange.
8. The automatic tool changer of claim 1 , wherein the tool support is configured to support the selected tool of the plurality of tools held on the magazine by moving independently from the magazine during the tool exchange.
9. The automatic tool changer of claim 8 , wherein the tool support further includes:
a slider moving assembly that is disposed on the guide, and that is configured to straightly reciprocate the slider in the first horizontal direction.
10. The automatic tool changer of claim 9 , wherein the elevator includes:
a housing formed on the slider;
a rod installed in the housing to be movable up and down;
the compensator that is coupled to an end of the rod; and
a driver configured to generate power for moving up and down the rod and the compensator that is coupled to the end of the rod.
11. A method of controlling the automatic tool changer of claim 1 , the method comprising:
a step of providing the automatic tool changer of claim 1 ;
a step wherein the magazine of the automatic tool changer is horizontally moved toward a tool post of a machine tool;
a step wherein the magazine is moved forward in a direction of an inclination axis so that a second gripper of the magazine clamps a tool mounted on the tool post;
a step wherein the magazine is rotated so that the first gripper holding the selected tool is positioned at an exchange position;
a step wherein the magazine is moved backward in the direction of the inclination axis so that the first gripper clamping the selected tool of the magazine unclamps the selected tool after the selected tool has been mounted onto the tool post; and
a step in which the magazine is horizontally moved away from the tool post in the first horizontal direction.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
a step in which the compensator is moved up to support the tool mounted on the tool post after the step in which the magazine is moved forward in the direction of the inclination axis;
a step in which the compensator is moved down after the tool post is horizontally moved away from the magazine;
a step in which the compensator is moved up again to support the first end of the selected tool clamped by the first gripper of the magazine after the tool post is horizontally moved toward the magazine; and
a step in which the compensator is moved down again after the step in which the magazine is moved backward in the direction of the inclination axis.
13. A machine tool comprising the automatic tool changer of claim 1 .
14. The machine tool of claim 13 , further comprising:
a bed;
a spindle that is installed on the bed, the spindle being configured to hold and rotate a workpiece;
a tool post on which a tool is mounted, the tool post being movably installed on the bed and being configured to machine the workpiece;
an actuating mechanism that is configured to feed the tool post;
a cover that is configured to separate a machining region and a non-machining region, wherein the workpiece is machined in the machining region; and
a door unit that is installed on the cover and that is configured to open and close by sliding.