Aromatic isothiocyanates
The present invention relates to a compound of formula GF in which the occurring groups and parameters have the meanings defined in claim 1 , to a liquid crystal medium comprising a compound of formula GF and to high-frequency components comprising these media, especially microwave components for high-frequency devices, such as devices for shifting the phase of microwaves, tunable filters, tunable metamaterial structures, and electronic beam steering antennas, e.g. phased array antennas.
1. A compound of formula GF
in which
R G denotes H, straight-chain, non-fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, branched, non-fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 3 to 12 C atoms, straight-chain, non-fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, or branched, non-fluorinated alkenyl having 2-3 to 12 C atoms, in each of which one or more CH 2 — groups may each be replaced by
or a group R P ,
R P denotes halogen, CN, NCS, R F -, R F -O— or R F -S—, wherein
R F denotes fluorinated alkyl having 1 to 9 C atoms,
Z G1 , Z G2 identically or differently, denote —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH—CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C—, —C≡C≡C≡C— or a single bond,
X G1 , X G2 , identically or differently, denote Cl or F,
identically or differently, denote a radical selected from the following groups:
a) the group consisting of 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene, and 2,6-naphthylene, in which one or two CH groups may each be replaced by N and in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by L,
b) the group consisting of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, tetralin-2,6-diyl, tetralin-5,8-diyl, decalin-2,6-diyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, 4,4′-bicyclohexylene, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, and spiro [3.3]-heptane-2,6-diyl, in which one or two CH groups may each be replaced by N, one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups may each be replaced by —O— and/or —S— and in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by L, and
c) the group consisting of thiophene-2,5-diyl, thieno [3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl, and selenophene-2,5-diyl, each of which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by L,
L on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes F, CI, CN, SCN, SF 5 , straight-chain optionally fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, branched optionally fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 3 to 12 C atoms, straight-chain optionally fluorinated alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched optionally fluorinated alkylcarbonyl having 4 to 12 C atoms, straight-chain optionally fluorinated alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched optionally fluorinated alkoxy-carbonyl having 4 to 12 C atoms, straight-chain optionally fluorinated alkyl-carbonyloxy having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched optionally fluorinated alkyl-carbonyloxy having 4 to 12 C atoms, straight-chain optionally fluorinated alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 12 C atoms, or branched optionally fluorinated alkoxycarbonyloxy having 4 to 12 C atoms, and
u is 0, 1 or 2,
wherein at least one of
is not trans-1,4-cyclohexylene.
2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group of compounds of the formulae GF-1 to GF-5:
in which and R G , X G1 and X G2 ,
have the meanings given in claim 1 .
3. The compound according to claim 1 , in which X G1 and X G2 denote F.
4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein
the group
denotes 1,4-phenylene, in which one or two CH groups may each be replaced by N and in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by L, and
L denotes F, optionally fluorinated alkyl or optionally fluorinated alkoxy each having 1 to 6 C atoms.
5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R G denotes straight chain alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or branched alkyl having 3 to 9 C atoms.
6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein R G denotes straight chain fluorinated alkyl or straight chain fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms.
7. A liquid-crystal medium comprising one or more compounds of formula GF according to claim 1 .
8. The medium according to claim 7 , wherein the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae I, II and III:
in which
R 1 denotes H, non-fluorinated alkyl or non-fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17 C atoms, or non-fluorinated alkenyl, non-fluorinated alkenyloxy or non-fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15 C atoms, in which one or more CH 2 -groups may each be replaced by
n is 0, 1 or 2,
to
on each occurrence, independently of one another, denote
in which R L , on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms,
or
in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or F,
and wherein
alternatively denotes
R 2 denotes H, non-fluorinated alkyl or non-fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17 C atoms, or non-fluorinated alkenyl, non-fluorinated alkenyloxy or non-fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15 C atoms, in which one or more CH 2 -groups may each be replaced by
Z 21 denotes trans —CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF— or —C≡C—, and
independently of one another, denote
in which R L , on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms,
or
in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or F,
R 3 denotes H, non-fluorinated alkyl or non-fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17 C atoms, or non-fluorinated alkenyl, non-fluorinated alkenyloxy or non-fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15 C atoms, in which one or more CH 2 -groups may each be replaced by
one of Z 31 and Z 32 denotes trans —CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF— or —C≡C— and the other one, independently thereof, denotes —C≡C—, trans-CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF— or a single bond, and
to
independently of one another, denote
in which R L , on each occurrence, identically or
differently, denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms,
or
in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or F,
and wherein
alternatively denotes
and where the compounds of the formula GF are excluded from the compounds of the formulae I, II, and III.
9. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 8 , wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae I-1 to I-5
in which
L 1 , L 2 and L 3 on each occurrence, identically or differently, denote H or F, and
R 1 ,
have the meanings given for formula I in claim 8 .
10. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 8 , wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae II-1 to II-3
in which R 2 ,
have the meanings given in claim 8 for formula II.
11. The medium according to claim 8 , wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the formulae III-1 to III-6
in which
Z 31 and Z 32 independently of one another denote trans-CH═CH— or trans-CF═CF—, and in formula III-6 alternatively one of Z 31 and Z 32 may denote —C≡C— and the other groups have the meaning given in claim 8 under formula III,
R 3 denotes non-fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or non-fluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
and one of
to
denotes
and the others, independently of one another, denote
where
alternatively denotes
12. The medium according to claim 7 , wherein the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formula T
in which
R T denotes halogen, CN, NCS, R F , R F -O— or R F -S—, wherein
R F denotes fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 1 to 12 C atoms,
on each occurrence, independently of one another, denote
L 4 and L 5 identically or differently, denote F, Cl, or straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 12 C atoms, cyclic alkyl having 3 to 12 C atoms, straight-chain alkenyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched alkenyl having 3 to 12 C atoms, or cyclic alkenyl having 3 to 12 C atoms;
Z T3 , Z T4 identically or differently, denote —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond, and
t is 0 or 1.
13. The medium according to claim 7 , wherein the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formula U in which
R U denotes H, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more CH 2 -groups may each be replaced by
or denotes a group R P ,
R P denotes halogen, CN, NCS, R F , R F -O— or R F -S—, wherein
R F denotes fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having 1 to 9 C atoms,
Z U1 , Z U2 identically or differently, denote —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond,
X 1 , X 2 ,
X 3 and X 4 identically or differently, denote Cl or F,
t is 0 or 1, and
denote a radical selected from the following groups:
a) the group consisting of 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene, and 2,6-naphthylene, in which one or two CH groups may each be replaced by N and in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by L, wherein tetrafluoro-1,4-phenylene is excluded,
b) the group consisting of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, 4,4′-bicyclohexylene, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl and spiro [3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, in which one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups may each be replaced by —O— and/or —S— and in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, and
c) the group consisting of thiophene-2,5-diyl, thieno [3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl, selenophene-2,5-diyl, each of which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by L, wherein
L on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes F, Cl, CN, SCN, SF 5 , straight-chain optionally fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, branched optionally fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 3 to 12 C atoms, straight-chain optionally fluorinated alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched optionally fluorinated alkylcarbonyl having 4 to 12 C atoms, straight-chain optionally fluorinated alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched optionally fluorinated alkoxycarbonyl having 4 to 12 C atoms, straight-chain optionally fluorinated alkylcarbonyloxy having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched optionally fluorinated alkylcarbonyloxy having 4 to 12 C atoms, straight-chain optionally fluorinated alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 12 C atoms, or branched optionally fluorinated alkoxycarbonyloxy having 4 to 12 C atoms.
14. The medium according to claim 13 , wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the formulae U-1 to U-11
in which
L 1 , L 2 and L 3 identically or differently, denote H, F, Cl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopentenyl, and
R U , X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 have the meanings given in claim 13 .
15. An electronic component comprising a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, an electrode provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one of the substrates, wherein the component comprises the liquid crystal medium according to claim 7 sandwiched between said first and second substrate.
16. The component according to claim 15 , wherein the liquid crystal medium in the component is arranged as a tunable dielectric configured for use in high-frequency technology.
17. The component according to claim 16 , wherein the component is a liquid-crystal based antenna element, a phase shifter, a tunable filter, a tunable metamaterial structure, a matching network or a varactor.
18. A microwave antenna array, wherein said array comprises one or more components according to claim 15 .
19. The component according to claim 15 , wherein the component is a transmissive or a reflective spatial light modulator.
20. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein
X G1 and X G2 denote F,
R G denotes straight chain alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 7 C atoms, cyclic alkyl having 3 to 7 C atoms, straight chain alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, branched alkenyl having 3 to 7 C atoms, cyclic alkenyl having 3 to 7 C atoms, fluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms,
denotes 1,4-phenylene, in which one or two CH groups may each be replaced by N and in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by L, and
L denotes F, optionally fluorinated alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, or optionally fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms.