Sensor for lifetime plus spectral characterization
Some aspects relate to integrated devices for obtaining timing and/or spectral information from incident light. In some embodiments, a pixel may include one or more charge storage regions configured to receive charge carriers generated responsive to incident photons from a light source, with charge carriers stored in the charge storage region(s) indicative of spectral and timing information. In some embodiments, a pixel may include regions having different depths, each configured to generate charge carriers responsive to incident photons. In some embodiments, a pixel may include multiple charge storage regions having different depths, and one or more of the charge storage regions may be configured to receive the incident photons and generate charge carriers therein. In some embodiments, a pixel may include an optical sorting element configured to direct at least some incident photons to one charge storage region and other incident photons to another charge storage region.
1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a photodetection region configured to generate charge carriers in response to receiving photons;
a charge storage region configured to receive the charge carriers from the photodetection region; and
a transfer gate configured to control transfer of the charge carriers from the photodetection region to the charge storage region,
wherein charge carriers stored in the charge storage region indicate timing information and spectral information of the photons.
2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the transfer gate is controllable to aggregate, in the charge storage region, charge carriers that are generated in the photodetection region over a plurality of collection periods corresponding to a plurality of excitations of a sample, respectively.
3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the transfer gate is controllable to:
aggregate, in the charge storage region, over a first plurality of collection periods corresponding to a first plurality of excitations of a sample, charge carriers that are generated during a first time interval following the first plurality of excitations, respectively; and
aggregate, in the charge storage region, over a second plurality of collection periods corresponding to a second plurality of excitations of the sample, charge carriers that are generated during a second time interval following the second plurality of excitations, respectively, the second time interval being different from the first time interval.
4. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the integrated circuit is configured to interface with an instrument to perform a step from a group consisting of:
receiving, from the instrument, excitation light to excite a sample supported by the integrated circuit, the photons being received at the photodetection region from the sample as a result of exciting the sample using the excitation light; and
receiving, from the instrument, and applying, to the transfer gate, a control signal configured to bias the transfer gate to control the transfer of charge carriers from the photodetection region to the charge storage region.
5. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the photodetection region and/or the charge storage region comprises regions of different depth in a direction in which the photons are configured to be received by the photodetection region.
6. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising an optical sorting element configured to direct the photons toward the photodetection region and/or the charge storage region and to direct other photons away from the photodetection region and/or the charge storage region.
7. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the photodetection region is configured to receive the photons in a first direction and the transfer gate is positioned after the photodetection region in the first direction.
8. A system, comprising:
an integrated circuit, comprising a pixel, the pixel comprising:
a photodetection region configured to generate charge carriers in response to receiving photons;
a charge storage region configured to receive the charge carriers from the photodetection region; and
a transfer gate configured to control transfer of the charge carriers from the photodetection region to the charge storage region,
wherein the system comprises a control circuit configured to control operation of the pixel such that charge carriers stored in the charge storage region indicate timing information and spectral information of the photons.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the control circuit is configured to control the transfer gate to aggregate, in the charge storage region, charge carriers that are generated in the photodetection region over a plurality of collection periods corresponding to a plurality of excitations of a sample, respectively.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the control circuit is configured to control the transfer gate to:
aggregate, in the charge storage region, over a first plurality of collection periods corresponding to a first plurality of excitations of a sample, charge carriers that are generated during a first time interval following the first plurality of excitations, respectively; and
aggregate, in the charge storage region, over a second plurality of collection periods corresponding to a second plurality of excitations of the sample, charge carriers that are generated during a second time interval following the second plurality of excitations, respectively, the second time interval being different from the first time interval.
11. The system of claim 8 , further comprising an instrument interfacing with the integrated circuit and configured to perform a step from a group consisting of:
transmitting, to the integrated circuit, excitation light to excite a sample supported by the integrated circuit, to produce the photons received at the photodetection region from the sample as a result of exciting the sample using the excitation light; and
transmitting, to the integrated circuit from the control circuit, and applying, to the transfer gate, a control signal configured to bias the transfer gate to control the transfer of charge carriers from the photodetection region to the charge storage region, the instrument comprising the control circuit.
12. The system of claim 8 , wherein the photodetection region and/or the charge storage region comprises regions of different depth in a direction in which the photons are configured to be received by the photodetection region.
13. The system of claim 8 , wherein the integrated circuit further comprises an optical sorting element configured to direct the photons toward the photodetection region and/or the charge storage region and to direct other photons away from the photodetection region and/or the charge storage region.
14. The system of claim 8 , wherein the photodetection region is configured to receive the photons in a first direction and the transfer gate is positioned after the photodetection region in the first direction.
15. A method, comprising:
receiving, at a photodetection region of an integrated circuit, photons;
generating, in the photodetection region in response to receiving the photons, charge carriers;
receiving, at a charge storage region of the integrated circuit, from the photodetection region, the charge carriers; and
controlling, by a transfer gate of the integrated circuit, transfer of the charge carriers from the photodetection region to the charge storage region,
wherein charge carriers stored in the charge storage region indicate timing information and spectral information of the photons.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
generating the charge carriers in the photodetection region comprises generating charge carriers over a plurality of collection periods corresponding to a plurality of excitations of a sample, respectively; and
controlling the transfer of the charge carriers comprises aggregating, in the charge storage region, charge carriers that are generated in the photodetection region over the plurality of collection periods.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
generating the charge carriers in the photodetection region comprises:
generating charge carriers during a first time interval following a first plurality of excitations of a sample; and
generating charge carriers during a second time interval following a second plurality of excitations of the sample; and
controlling the transfer of the charge carriers comprises:
aggregating, in the charge storage region, over a first plurality of collection periods corresponding to the first plurality of excitations of the sample, charge carriers that are generated during the first time interval; and
aggregating, in the charge storage region, over a second plurality of collection periods corresponding to the second plurality of excitations of the sample, charge carriers that are generated during the second time interval, the second time interval being different from the first time interval.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising interfacing the integrated circuit with an instrument to perform a step from a group consisting of:
transmitting, to the integrated circuit, from the instrument, excitation light to excite a sample supported by the integrated circuit, to produce the photons received at the photodetection region from the sample as a result of exciting the sample using the excitation light; and
transmitting, to the integrated circuit from a control circuit of the instrument, and applying, to the transfer gate, a control signal configured to bias the transfer gate to control the transfer of charge carriers from the photodetection region to the charge storage region.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
directing, by an optical sorting element of the integrated circuit, the photons toward the photodetection region and/or the charge storage region; and
directing, by the optical sorting element, other photons away from the photodetection region and/or the charge storage region.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the photodetection region receives the photons in a first direction and the transfer gate is positioned after the photodetection region in the first direction.