Multi-zone catalytic cracking of crude oils
A method of processing a hydrocarbon feed may comprise fractionating the hydrocarbon feed into a light stream, a middle stream, a heavy stream, and a residue stream; hydrotreating the residue stream to form a hydrotreated residue stream; and feeding the light stream, middle stream, heavy stream, and the hydrotreated residue stream to a single Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reaction zone, thereby producing a product stream comprising light olefins. The light stream and the hydrotreated residue streams may be exposed to more severe FCC cracking conditions than the middle stream and the middle stream may be exposed to more severe FCC cracking conditions than the heavy stream. The FCC reaction zone may be operated in a down-flow configuration and operated under high severity conditions.
1. A method of processing a hydrocarbon feed comprising
fractionating the hydrocarbon feed into a light stream, a middle stream, a heavy stream, and a residue stream;
hydrotreating the residue stream to form a hydrotreated residue stream; and
feeding the light stream, the middle stream, the heavy stream, and the hydrotreated residue stream to a single Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reaction zone, thereby producing a product stream comprising light olefins; wherein
the light stream comprises hydrocarbons boiling at less than 200° C., the middle stream comprises hydrocarbons boiling from 200° C. to 371° C., the heavy stream comprises hydrocarbons boiling from 371° C. to 540° C., and the residue stream comprises hydrocarbons boiling at greater than 540° C.;
the light stream and the hydrotreated residue streams are exposed to more severe FCC cracking conditions than the middle stream; and
the middle stream is exposed to more severe FCC cracking conditions than the heavy stream;
the FCC reaction zone is operated in a down-flow configuration; and
the FCC is operated under high severity conditions.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the FCC system operates at a temperature of greater than or equal to 580° C., a weight ratio of the FCC catalyst composition to the crude oil of from 2:1 to 10:1, and a residence time of from 0.1 seconds to 60 seconds.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light stream and the hydrotreated residue streams have the same residence times and peak temperatures in the FCC as one another.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light stream and the hydrotreated residue stream have a greater residence time in the FCC than the middle stream and the heavy stream.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light stream and the hydrotreated residue stream are exposed to a greater peak temperature in the FCC than the middle stream and the heavy stream.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the middle stream has a greater residence time in the FCC than the heavy stream.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the middle stream is exposed to a greater peak temperature in the FCC than the heavy stream.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residue stream is hydrotreated in a three stage hydrotreater.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein hydrotreating the residue stream comprises exposing the residue stream to a hydro-demetallization catalyst, a hydro-desulfurization catalyst, and a hydro-dearomatization catalyst.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream is a whole crude oil.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream has an API gravity of from 25 to 35.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons boiling at less than 200° C.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the middle stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons boiling from 200° C. to 371° C.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heavy stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons boiling from 371° C. to 540° C.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heavy stream comprises less than 3 wt. % sulfur.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residue stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons boiling at greater than 540° C.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residue stream comprises at least 2 wt. % sulfur.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the residue stream comprises at least 1000 ppm of nitrogen.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product stream comprising light olefins comprises at least 30 wt. % of light olefins.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the feed stream is a whole crude oil;
the light stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons boiling at less than 200° C.;
the light stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons initially in the hydrocarbon feed which boil at less than 200° C.;
the middle stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons boiling from 200° C. to 371° C.;
the middle stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons initially in the hydrocarbon feed which boil at from 371° C. to 540° C.;
the heavy stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons boiling from 371° C. to 540° C.;
the heavy stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons initially in the hydrocarbon feed which boil at from 371° C. to 540° C.;
the residue stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons boiling at greater than 540° C.;
the residue stream comprises at least 80 wt. % of hydrocarbons initially in the hydrocarbon feed which boil at greater than 540° C.;
hydrotreating the residue stream comprises exposing the residue stream to a hydro-demetallization catalyst, a hydro-desulfurization catalyst, and a hydro-dearomatization catalyst;
the light stream and the hydrotreated residue streams have the same residence times and peak temperatures in the FCC as one another;
the light stream and the hydrotreated residue stream have a greater residence time in the FCC than the middle stream and the heavy stream;
the light stream and the hydrotreated residue stream are exposed to a greater peak temperature in the FCC than the middle stream and the heavy stream;
the middle stream has a greater residence time in the FCC than the heavy stream; and
the middle stream is exposed to a greater peak temperature in the FCC than the heavy stream.