Hybrid wave energy converter and marine buoy system for wave energy harvesting and marine sensing
A triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (TEHG) includes a ball-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and an electromagnetic generator (EMG) configured to move due to exterior fluid movement to generate triboelectric and electromagnetic charging for harvesting wave energy.
1. A triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (TEHG) comprising:
a buoyant, waterproof and enclosed shell;
a plurality of cavities within the shell defined by a plurality of substantially parallel dividers, the parallel dividers including an upper divider, a lower divider, and a plurality of middle dividers, each middle divider including a substantially planar upper surface, a substantially parallel lower surface and a set of spaced apart electrodes affixed to the upper surfaces of the middle dividers;
a plurality of freely moveable chargers located on the upper surfaces of each middle divider;
a conductive coil positioned below the lower divider on a bottom interior surface of the shell; and
a freely moveable magnet positioned on an upper surface of lower divider; wherein the shell is configured to move due to exterior fluid movement to move the chargers between the separated electrodes and the magnet across the upper surface of the lower divider to generate, respectively, triboelectric and electromagnetic charging.
2. The TEHG of claim 1 , wherein the chargers are negatively charged and the electrodes are positively charged and the movement of the chargers between separated electrodes on the middle dividers upon movement of the shell result in the generation of an alternating current.
3. The TEHG of claim 1 , wherein upon movement of the shell, the magnet slides relative to the coil so that the coil cuts magnetic induction lines, inducing an electromagnetic current.
4. The TEHG of claim 1 , wherein the chargers comprise moveable balls that are elastic and flexible to enhance contact with the electrodes.
5. The TEHG of claim 4 , wherein each of the moveable balls includes an outer silicone shell and a liquid polymer within the outer silicone shell.
6. The generator of claim 4 , wherein each of the moveable balls includes an outer surface that is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder.
7. The generator of claim 1 , wherein the enclosed shell is substantially spherical and the dividers are substantially circular in shape.
8. The generator of claim 1 , further comprising at least one electrical component, the electrical component including a sensor, a light, a timer, or display.
9. A wave energy converter comprising a plurality of TEHGs of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of TEHGs are electrically connected power storage or an energy transfer device.