Enteric hard capsule
An object of the present disclosure is providing a hard capsule made of a hard capsule film having enteric properties that can be molded by a cold gel method. An enteric hard capsule comprises a film containing a first component and a second component, and further containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of a third component, a fourth component, and a fifth component, wherein the first component is a nonionic water-soluble cellulose compound having a viscosity value within a range of from 100 mPa·s to 100,000 mPa·s, the second component is an enteric methacrylic acid copolymer, the third component is an enteric cellulose compound, wherein the fourth component is a water-insoluble (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer, and the fifth component is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer, and a surfactant.
1. An enteric hard capsule, comprising a film containing a first component and a second component, and further containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of a third component, and a fourth component,
wherein the first component is a nonionic water-soluble cellulose compound having a viscosity value within a range of from 100 mPa·s to 100,000 mPa·s,
the viscosity value is obtained by measuring a viscosity value of a 2 mass % aqueous solution of the nonionic water-soluble cellulose compound at 20° C.±0.1° C. using an Ubbelohde method in the case of the viscosity value of less than 600 mPa·s or a Brookfield type viscometer in the case of the viscosity value of 600 mPa·s or more, and
the nonionic water-soluble cellulose compound is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose;
the second component is at least one enteric methacrylic acid copolymer selected from the group consisting of a copolymer of methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate; a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate; and salts thereof which are pharmaceutically acceptable or acceptable as a food additive, wherein the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer contains 5 mass % to 70 mass % of a methacrylic acid monomer unit when the total number of units or total number of groups of monomers forming the copolymer is set to 100 mass %;
the third component is at least one enteric cellulose compound selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, cellulose acetate phthalate, and salts thereof which are pharmaceutically acceptable or acceptable as a food additive; and
the fourth component is a water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer which is a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate, wherein the water-insoluble (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer is formed of 20 mass % to 40 mass % of methyl methacrylate and 60 mass % to 80 mass % of ethyl acrylate,
the film optionally comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, triethyl citrate, polyethylene glycol, and propylene glycol,
wherein the enteric hard capsule is prepared by a cold gelation method, and the method comprises:
immersing a mold pin in an enteric hard capsule-preparing solution, the mold pin having a surface temperature lower than a temperature of the enteric hard capsule-preparing solution; and
pulling up the mold pin from the enteric hard capsule-preparing solution and drying the enteric hard capsule-preparing solution adhering to the mold pin,
wherein the enteric hard capsule-preparing solution comprises the first component, the second component, at least one component selected from the group consisting of the third component and the fourth component, a basic neutralizer that is pharmaceutically acceptable or is acceptable as a food additive, and a solvent, and
optionally comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, triethyl citrate, polyethylene glycol, and propylene glycol.
2. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 1 , wherein the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer is a copolymer containing from 40 mass % to 60 mass % of methacrylic acid and from 60 mass % to 40 mass % of ethyl acrylate.
3. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 1 , wherein, when a total mass of the first component, the second component, the third component, the fourth component, and a total of the optional components contained in the film is set to 100 mass %, and when a ratio of the first component is represented by α mass %, a ratio of the second component is represented by β mass %, a ratio of the third component is represented by γ mass %, a ratio of the fourth component is represented by σ mass %, and a ratio of the total of the optional components is represented by φ mass %,
wherein a ratio of (β+γ+σ) to (α+β+γ+σ+φ) is in the range from 0.5 to 0.9, and
wherein a ratio of (β+γ) to (β+γ+σ) is 0.4 or more.
4. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 1 , wherein, when a total mass of the first component, the second component, the third component, the fourth component, and a total of the optional components contained in the film is set to 100 mass %, and when a ratio of the first component is represented by α mass %, a ratio of the second component is represented by β mass %, a ratio of the third component is represented by γ mass %, a ratio of the fourth component is represented by σ mass %, and a ratio of the total of the optional components is represented by φ mass %,
wherein a ratio of α to (α+β+γ+σ+φ) is in the range from 0.05 to 0.5.
5. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 1 , wherein, when a total mass of the first component, the second component, the third component, the fourth component, and a total of the optional components contained in the film is set to 100 mass %, and when a ratio of the second component is represented by β mass % and a ratio of the third component is represented by γ mass %,
wherein a ratio of β to (β+γ) is in the range from 0.1 to 1.
6. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 5 , wherein, when the total mass of the first component, the second component, the third component, the fourth component, and the total of the optional components contained in the film is set to 100 mass %, and when the ratio of the first component is represented by α mass %, the ratio of the second component is represented by β mass %, the ratio of the fourth component is represented by σ mass %, and the ratio of the total of the optional components is represented by φ mass %,
wherein the ratio of the third component is 0 mass %, and
wherein a ratio of β to (α+β+γ+σ+φ) is in the range from 0.3 to 0.7.
7. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 1 , wherein at least a part of the second component is contained as the salt of the second component, which is pharmaceutically acceptable or is acceptable as the food additive, and/or at least a part of the third component is contained as the salt of the third component, which is pharmaceutically acceptable or is acceptable as the food additive.
8. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 7 , wherein, when a total molar number of carboxyl groups forming the salts in the second component and/or the third component contained in the film and carboxyl groups prevented from forming the salts is set to 100 mol %, a content of the carboxyl groups forming the salts is from 2 mol % to 50 mol %.
9. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 1 , wherein the film has a thickness of from 50 μm to 250 μm.
10. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 9 , wherein the film has an elastic modulus of from 1 GPa to 5 GPa at 25° C. and a relative humidity of 60%, and the elastic modulus is measured by preparing a sample film having a dumbbell shape of 5 mm×75 mm and a thickness of 100 μm; setting both ends of the sample film on a holder of a compact tabletop testing machine, EZ-LX manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, with gap length of 60 mm; performing a tensile test by pulling the sample film at a tensile rate of 10 mm/min thereby obtaining an elongation of the sample film and a curve between a stress that occurs in the sample film and an elongation rate; and determining the elastic modulus from an inclination of the curve in an elastic deformation region at a time of a low stress.
11. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 9 , wherein the film has an elongation at break of from 2% to 30% at 25° C. and a relative humidity of 22%, and the elongation at break is obtained by preparing a sample film having a dumbbell shape of 5 mm×75 mm and a thickness of 100 μm; setting both ends of the sample film on a holder of a compact tabletop testing machine, EZ-LX manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, with gap length of 60 mm; and performing a tensile test by pulling the sample film at a tensile rate of 10 mm/min thereby obtaining an elongation rate at a breakpoint as the elongation at break.
12. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 1 , wherein the film of the enteric hard capsule has a structure in which a phase containing the first component is dispersed in a phase formed of the second component,
the phase containing the first component optionally comprises the third component, and
the phase formed of the second component optionally comprises the first component, the fourth component, polyvinyl alcohol, triethyl citrate, polyethylene glycol, and/or propylene glycol.
13. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 1 , wherein, in a dissolution test using a solution having a pH of 1.2, a dissolution ratio of the enteric hard capsule after two hours is 25% or less, and the dissolution ratio is measured by filling 40 mg of acetaminophen, 140 mg of lactose, and 20 mg of sodium starch glycolate into one capsule to obtain a sample of an enteric hard capsule formulation; preparing the solution having the pH of 1.2 by adding 7.0 ml of hydrochloric acid and water to 2.0 g of sodium chloride to obtain 1,000 ml of a liquid; and measuring absorbance at 244 nm, when the sample is immersed in the solution having the pH of 1.2 at 37° C.±0.5° C. for 2 hours, and determining the dissolution rate of acetaminophen, wherein an absorbance at 244 nm when the same volume of acetaminophen is separately dissolved in the solution having a pH of 1.2 is set to 100%.
14. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 13 , wherein the dissolution ratio of the enteric hard capsule in the dissolution test is 10% or less.
15. An enteric hard capsule formulation, comprising the enteric hard capsule of claim 1 sealed with a band seal,
wherein the band seal comprises the enteric methacrylic acid copolymer of the second component and/or the enteric cellulose compound of the third component.
16. A hard capsule formulation, comprising the enteric hard capsule of claim 1 in a hard capsule that is dissolvable under an acidic condition.
17. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 1 , further optionally comprising dioctyl adipate, polyester adipate, epoxidized soybean oil, an epoxyhexahydrophthalic acid diester, kaolin, glycerin, a glycerin fatty acid ester, sesame oil, a dimethyl polysiloxane-silicon dioxide mixture, D-sorbitol, a medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride, corn starch-derived sugar alcohol liquid, triacetin, concentrated glycerin, castor oil, phytosterol, diethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, polyoxyethylene 105 polyoxypropylene 5 glycol, polysorbate 80, macrogol, isopropyl myristate, a cotton seed oil-soybean oil mixture, glycerin monostearate, and/or isopropyl linoleate.
18. The enteric hard capsule according to claim 1 , further optionally comprising benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride polyoxyethylene 40 monostearate, sorbitan sesquioleate, polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate, glyceryl monostearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, a sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, a sucrose fatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol monooleate, polyethylene glycol dioleate, a propylene glycol fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene glycerin monostearate, polyoxyethylene 160 polyoxypropylene 30 glycol, and/or polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether.