Flat form spring, in particular disc or wave spring
A flat form spring, in particular a disc spring or corrugated spring, includes a spring body made of a low-alloy steel which has a carbon content of more than 0.35% by weight and at most 0.75% by weight. The steel contains between 0.3 wt. % and 0.9 wt. % manganese (Mn) as an alloying element. The steel also contains chromium (Cr) as an alloying element with a weight proportion of between 0.3 wt. % and 1.5 wt. %. The steel further contains between 0.1% and 0.6% by weight of molybdenum (Mo) as an alloying element. In addition, the steel contains more than 0.4 wt. % and up to 8 wt. % nickel (Ni) as an alloying element. A flatform spring made in this way has an improved strength compared to conventional flatform springs without a loss of toughness compared to a spring made of conventional spring steels.
1. A flat form spring comprising:
a spring body made of a low-alloy steel including:
between 0.65% by weight and 0.7% by weight of carbon,
between 0.35% and 0.5% by weight of manganese,
between 0.45% and 0.6% by weight of chromium,
between 0.15% and 0.25% by weight of molybdenum,
between 0.55% by weight and 0.75% by weight of nickel,
between 0% by weight and less than 0.2% by weight of tungsten, iron,
between 0.2% by weight and 0.35% by weight of silicon,
between 0% by weight and 0.025% by weight of phosphorus,
between 0% by weight and 0.05% by weight of sulfur,
between 0% by weight and less than 0.05% per weight of aluminum,
between 0% by weight and less than 0.25% per weight of copper, and
wherein the low-alloy steel is bainitic quenched and tempered.
2. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein the low-alloy steel contains between 0.4% and 0.7% by weight of chromium.
3. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein the flat form spring is a disc spring or a corrugated spring.
4. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein a weight proportion of the low-alloy steel not formed by alloying elements is formed by the iron, the carbon, and fusion-related impurities.
5. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein a weight percentage of alloying elements is more than 1% by weight and not more than 5% by weight of the low-alloy steel.
6. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein a weight percentage of alloying elements is more than 1% by weight and not more than 3.7% by weight of the low-alloy steel.
7. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein the flatform spring contains at least one of vanadium, titanium, and niobium as alloying elements.
8. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein:
the low-alloy steel contains at least one of vanadium, titanium, tungsten, and niobium as alloying elements,
a first qualified sum of a weight proportion in % by weight of the at least one of the vanadium, the titanium, the tungsten, and the niobium and of the chromium in the low-alloy steel is formed by a sum of the weight proportion of the chromium and three times the weight proportion of the at least one of the vanadium, the titanium, the tungsten, and the niobium, when the at least one alloying element is present in the low-alloy steel, and
the first qualified sum is between 0.3% and 1.5% by weight.
9. The flat form spring according to claim 8 , wherein the first qualified sum is between 0.4% and 0.7% by weight.
10. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein the low-alloy steel contains between 0.1% and 0.3% by weight of molybdenum.
11. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein the low-alloy steel contains between 0.4% and 2% by weight of nickel.
12. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein the low-alloy steel contains between 0.5% and 1% by weight of nickel.
13. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein the low-alloy steel contains vanadium, and/or titanium, and/or niobium in each case with a weight proportion (x) of 0<x<0.2% by weight.
14. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein the low-alloy steel contains vanadium, and/or titanium, and/or niobium, in each case with a weight proportion (x) of 0<x<0.1% by weight.
15. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein:
a second qualified sum is calculated from weight percentages in % by weight of the silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, niobium, and molybdenum as follows:
S2=Si+Mn+Cr+Ni+W+(V+Ti+Nb−Mo)*3), and
the second qualified sum is less than 3 % by weight.
16. The flat form spring according to claim 10 , wherein the second qualified sum is less than 2% by weight.
17. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein the low-alloy steel is quenched and tempered to a strength of more than 1700 MPa.
18. The flat form spring according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon of the low-alloy steel is more than 0.55% by weight.