Systems and methods for electrophoretic separation and analysis of analytes
A system for assaying a biological sample for a presence of a target analyte includes an assaying device and a computer controller. The assaying device includes a housing, a receptacle disposed in the housing, and a source of activation energy. The receptacle is configured to accept an electrophoresis cell. The electrophoresis cell has a recess area configured to accept a chip configured to accept the biological sample. The chip includes a polymeric separation medium with activatable functional groups that covalently bond to the target analyte when activated. The source of activation energy is configured to supply activation energy to activate the activatable functional groups. The computer controller is operably coupled to the source of activation energy and is configured to activate the source of activation energy to direct an application of activation energy to the polymeric separation medium to activate the activatable functional groups.
1. A system for assaying a biological sample for a presence of a target analyte, the system comprising:
an assaying device having a housing, the assaying device comprising:
a receptacle disposed in the housing and configured to accept an electrophoresis cell, the electrophoresis cell having a recess area configured to accept a chip including a polymeric separation medium with activatable functional groups that covalently bond to the target analyte when activated, the chip configured to accept the biological sample,
a source of activation energy configured to supply activation energy to activate the activatable functional groups, and
a source of solution configured to provide a flow of a solution from the source of solution to the chip when the electrophoresis cell is within the receptacle; and
a computer controller operably coupled to the source of activation energy, the computer controller operable to activate the source of activation energy to direct an application of activation energy to the polymeric separation medium to activate the activatable functional groups.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the computer controller is included in an electronic device remotely situated with respect to the housing and is in communication with the assaying device via at least one of a wired and wireless network.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the source of activation energy is a source of ultraviolet radiation.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the assaying device includes an electric power source disposed in the housing and fluidically isolated from the receptacle, the electric power source being electrically coupled to at least one electrode on opposing sides of the recess area of the electrophoresis cell when the electrophoresis cell is disposed in the receptacle, the electric power source being configured to provide electric power to the at least one electrode to generate an electric field across the recess area.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the computer controller is configured to control an electric field strength of the electric field across time.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the assaying device includes a leveling sensor configured to sense a degree of leveling of at least a portion of the solution that is in the recess area and a leveling indicator configured to provide an indication of the degree of leveling of at least the portion of the solution that is in the recess area, a relatively high degree of leveling results in a relatively low degree of spatial perturbations in the electric field.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the computer controller is operably coupled to a sensor configured to identify an identification member on the chip when the electrophoresis cell is inserted into the receptacle, the identification member determining a set of assay parameters for the assaying.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a rinsing fixture, wherein an angle of the rinsing fixture controls a flow rate of buffer solution to the chip.
9. An apparatus, comprising:
a housing including a base and a lid;
a receptacle defined by an interior surface of the base, the receptacle configured to receive an electrophoresis cell, the electrophoresis cell configured to be coupled to a chip including a polymeric separation medium with functional groups configured to covalently bond to a target analyte within a biological sample disposed on the chip in response to being activated;
an electromagnetic radiation energy source coupled to an interior surface of the lid, the electromagnetic radiation energy source configured to supply activation energy operable to activate the functional groups;
an electric power source disposed within the housing and fluidically isolated from the receptacle, the electric power source configured to be electrically coupled to the electrophoresis cell when the electrophoresis cell is disposed in the receptacle; and
a computer controller coupled to the housing and fluidically isolated from the receptacle, the computer controller operable to activate the electromagnetic radiation energy source and the electric energy source when the electrophoresis cell is disposed in the receptacle to assay the biological sample.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation energy source is configured to output at least one of visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, or infrared light.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein an external face of the electromagnetic radiation energy source includes an optical filter configured to pass a subset of wavelengths compatible with the assaying through the optical filter, the subset of wavelengths being within an UV spectrum of wavelengths.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the housing defines a plurality of slots, each slot from the plurality of slots configured to accommodate a pin electrically connected to the electric power source, wherein an electrical connection is formed when at least one pin is adjacent to a conductive contact pad of the electrophoresis cell, the conductive contact pad being electrically connected to at least one electrode configured to generate, in response to receiving electric power from the electric power source, an electric field across a portion of the electrophoresis cell when the electrophoresis cell is in the receptacle.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the computer controller is configured to direct a voltage polarity of at least one pin to control a direction of the electric field.
14. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the housing is coupled to a plurality of leveling feet, the leveling feet configured to be adjusted relative to the housing to level a solution relative to the chip.
15. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the housing includes a source of solution, the computer controller is configured to direct flow of a solution from the source of solution to the chip when the electrophoresis cell is within the receptacle.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the source of solution is operatively coupled to a valve, the computer controller operable to transition the valve between an open configuration and a closed configuration to direct a flow of solution from the source of solution to the chip when the electrophoresis cell is within the receptacle.
17. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the source of solution contains at least a first solution and a second solution, the computer controller is configured to separately introduce at least the first solution and the second solution from the source of solution to the chip when the electrophoresis cell is within the receptacle.
18. The system of claim 9 , further comprising:
a rinsing fixture, wherein an angle of the rinsing fixture controls a flow rate of buffer solution to the chip.
19. A system for use in an assay of a biological sample, the system comprising:
an electrophoresis cell having a recess area and at least one electrode;
a chip configured to receive the biological sample, the chip being disposable in the recess area such that a surface of a polymeric separation medium of the chip and a non-recessed surface of the electrophoresis cell are substantially flush, the polymeric separation medium having functional groups that covalently bond to a target analyte when activated; and
an assaying device having:
a housing,
a receptacle disposed in the housing and configured to accept the electrophoresis cell,
a source of activation energy configured to supply activation energy to the polymeric separation medium when the electrophoresis cell is in the receptacle to activate the functional groups,
an electric power source disposed within the housing and fluidically isolated from the receptacle, the electric power source configured to provide electric power to the at least one electrode to generate an electric field across the recess area when the electrophoresis cell is in the receptacle, the surface of the polymeric separation medium being substantially flush with the non-recessed surface of the electrophoresis cell being operable to reduce distortion in the electric field, and
a source of solution configured to provide a flow of a solution from the source of solution to the chip when the electrophoresis cell is within the receptacle.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the source of activation energy is a source of ultraviolet radiation.
21. The system of claim 19 , wherein the assaying device includes a leveling sensor configured to sense a degree of leveling of a solution in the recess area, wherein a relatively high degree of leveling results in a relatively low degree of spatial perturbations in the electric field.
22. The system of claim 19 , further comprising:
a rinsing fixture, wherein an angle of the rinsing fixture controls a flow rate of buffer solution to the chip.
23. The system of claim 19 , further comprising:
a conductive contact pad coupled to a body of the electrophoresis cell and electrically connected to the at least one electrode, the conductive contact pad configured to be electrically connected to the electric power source of the assaying device when the electrophoresis cell is disposed within the receptacle to electrically connect the electric power source to the at least one electrode.
24. The system of claim 19 , wherein the electrophoresis cell includes a weir structure disposed on at least one side of the recess area, a bottom surface of the weir structure being above the non-recessed surface of the electrophoresis cell, the weir structure configured to control a flow of a solution below the bottom surface of the weir structure and across the recess area.
25. The system of claim 24 , wherein the weir structure is configured to prevent bubbles from floating above a top surface of the chip when the electrophoresis cell is within the receptacle.