Method of making lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticles
A method of producing a lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle, comprising the steps a) flowing an aqueous solution comprising an RNA through a 1 st tube having an inner diameter (ID) of between about 0.1″ and 0.132″; b) flowing an ethanol solution comprising lipids through a 2 nd tube having an ID of between about 0.005″ and 0.02″ at one third the flow rate of the aqueous solution through the 1 st tube, wherein the lipids comprise a cationic lipid; and c) mixing the ethanol solution with the aqueous solution by flowing the ethanol solution and the aqueous solution into a mixing module consisting of the 2 nd tube perpendicularly joined to the 1 st tube; wherein the mixing produces an output solution flowing in the 1 st tube comprising a turbulent flow of the RNA and the lipids in between about 10% to 75% ethanol v/v, and wherein the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticles have a bilayer structure.
1. An apparatus for producing a lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle, comprising:
(a) a 1 st tube having an ID of between about 0.1″ and 0.132″; connected at one end to a 1st HPLC pump and at the other end to a mixing module, wherein the 1st HPLC pump is configured to pump an aqueous solution comprising RNA through the 1st tube at a flow rate of at least 150 mL/min;
(b) a 1 st reservoir connected to the 1st HPLC pump, wherein the 1st reservoir contains the aqueous solution;
(c) a 2 nd tube having an ID of between about 0.005″ and 0.02″ connected at one end to a 2nd HPLC pump and at the other end to the mixing module, wherein the 2 nd HPLC pump is configured to pump an ethanol solution comprising one or more lipids through the 2 nd tube at a flow rate greater than 50 mL/min,
wherein the 2 nd tube is perpendicularly joined to the 1 st tube at the mixing module;
(d) a 2 nd reservoir connected to the 2 nd HPLC pump, wherein the 2 nd reservoir contains the ethanol solution,
wherein the apparatus is configured to mix the ethanol solution with the aqueous solution by introducing the ethanol solution into the aqueous solution in a region within the mixing module to produce an output solution having a flow that produces turbulence;
wherein the one or more lipids comprise a cationic lipid having a pKa of about 6 to about 7 and a structure of Formula I:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein
R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a linear or branched C 1 -C 31 alkyl, C 2 -C 31 alkenyl or C 2 -C 31 alkynyl and cholesteryl;
L 5 and L 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a linear C 1 -C 20 alkyl and C 2 -C 20 alkenyl;
X 5 is —C(O)O— or —OC(O)—;
X 6 is —C(O)O— or —OC(O)—;
X 7 is S or O;
L 7 is absent or lower alkyl;
R 4 is a linear or branched C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and
R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen and a linear or branched C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mixing module comprises the 2 nd tube extending through a wall of the 1 st tube and partly into the interior of the 1 st tube.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the 2 nd tube extends up to a wall of the 1 st tube and joins the 1 st tube.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to produce an output solution flowing in the 1 st tube comprising a turbulent flow of the RNA and the one or more lipids is between about 10% to 75% ethanol v/v.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle composition has a bilayer structure.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the RNA is encapsulated at greater than 98%.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the polydispersity index is less than 0.09.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the 1 st HPLC pump is configured to pump the aqueous solution through the 1 st tube with a back pressure of at least 10 psi, 25 psi, 50 psi, 75 psi, or 100 psi and the 2 nd HPLC pump is configured to pump the ethanol solution through the 2 nd tube with a back pressure of at least 40 psi, 80 psi, 150 psi, 300 psi, or 400 psi.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the 1 st tube has an ID of 0.132″ and the 2 nd tube has an ID of 0.007″, 0.01″, or 0.02″.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to maintain the aqueous, ethanol, and output solutions at a temperature of about 15-20° C.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mixing module is made of stainless steel and consists of the 2 nd tube mounted perpendicularly on the 1 st tube, wherein the 1 st tube has an opening through a wall, wherein the opening is the size of the outside diameter of the 2 nd tube, and wherein the 2 nd tube is fitted over the opening to permit continuous movement of the ethanol solution in the 2 nd tube into the aqueous solution in the 1 st tube.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a 3 rd tube connected to a 3 rd HPLC pump configured for pumping a dilution buffer and mixing the dilution buffer with the output solution by introducing the dilution buffer to the output solution in the region of a Y-connector connecting the 3 rd tube to the 1 st tube to produce a diluted output solution.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the 3 rd HPLC pump is configured to pump the dilution buffer through the 3 rd tube at a flow rate of 400-900 mL/min.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the 3 rd tube has an ID of 25″.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle composition has an average particle size of less than about 100 nm.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lipid portion of the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle comprises about 48 mol % to about 66 mol % of a cationic lipid, about 2 mol % to about 12 mol % DSPC, about 25 mol % to about 42 mol % cholesterol, and about 0.5 mol % to about 3 mol % PEG2000-DMG.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle has a total lipid: RNA weight ratio of about 50:1 to about 3:1.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle comprises a molar ratio of cationic lipid: DOTAP (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane):DSPC:cholesterol:PEG selected from 25:25:10:38.5:1.5, 25:25:10:37:3, 25:25:10:35:5, 20:20:7:51.5:1.5, 25:20:10:42:3, 20:30:13:32:5, 25:20:10:40:5, 25:25:13:35.5:1.5, 25:30:7:35:3, 30:20:13:34:3, 30:25:7:33:3, 30:30: 10:25.8:1.5, 15:20:13:49:3, 20:20:13:44:3, 20:25:13:39:3, 15:25:13:44:3, 20:25:13:39:3, 25:25:13:34:3, 30:20:13:34:3, and 30:30:13:29:3.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle comprises between about 20 w/w % and 60 w/w % of the cationic lipid, between about 5 w/w % and 30 w/w % of a helper lipid, between about 0 w/w % and 60 w/w % of a cholesterol, and between about 0.5 w/w % and 15 w/w % of a polyethylene glycol-lipid conjugate.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the RNA is selected from the group consisting of a transfer RNA, small nuclear RNA, ribosomal RNA, messenger RNA, antisense RNA, small interfering RNA and self-replicating RNA.