Thermal management system, powertrain, and vehicle
A thermal management system for a vehicle is disclosed, wherein the vehicle comprises an occupant compartment and a propulsion system configured to provide motive power to the vehicle. The system comprises a propulsion coolant circuit configured to cool at least a portion of the propulsion system, a heating circuit configured to heat the occupant compartment, and a heat pump circuit comprising a first evaporator in the propulsion coolant circuit and a condenser in the heating circuit. The propulsion coolant circuit comprises a connecting conduit connecting the propulsion coolant circuit to the heating circuit at a position upstream of the condenser, and a first valve configured to control flow of coolant through the connecting conduit. The present disclosure further relates to a powertrain for a vehicle, as well as a vehicle.
1. A thermal management system for a vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises an occupant compartment and a propulsion system configured to provide motive power to the vehicle, and wherein the thermal management system comprises:
a propulsion coolant circuit configured to cool at least a portion of the propulsion system;
a heating circuit configured to heat the occupant compartment;
a heat pump circuit comprising a first evaporator in the propulsion coolant circuit and a condenser in the heating circuit, wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a connecting conduit connecting the propulsion coolant circuit to the heating circuit at a position upstream of the condenser, and a first return conduit configured to return coolant to the propulsion coolant circuit from the heating circuit at a position downstream of the condenser; and
a first valve configured to control flow of coolant through the connecting conduit, wherein the propulsion system is an electric propulsion system comprising a battery, and wherein the first evaporator is further configured to cool the battery, wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a coolant branch and a second valve configured to regulate the flow of coolant through the coolant branch, and wherein the first evaporator is arranged in the coolant branch of the propulsion coolant circuit.
2. The thermal management system according to claim 1 , wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a bypass line bypassing the connecting conduit, and wherein the first valve is controllable between a first state in which the first valve directs coolant through the connecting conduit and a second state in which the first valve directs coolant through the bypass line.
3. The thermal management system according to claim 1 , wherein the propulsion system is an electric propulsion system comprising power electronics and an electric machine, and wherein the propulsion coolant circuit is configured to cool at least one of the power electronics and the electric machine.
4. The thermal management system according to claim 1 , wherein the heat pump circuit comprises a second evaporator configured to cool the occupant compartment and a third valve controllable between a first state in which the third valve causes working media in the heat pump circuit to flow through the first evaporator, and a second state in which the third valve causes working media in the heat pump circuit to flow through the second evaporator.
5. The thermal management system according to claim 4 further comprising a control arrangement configured to, in an occupant compartment cooling mode, control the first valve to allow flow of coolant through the connecting conduit and control the third valve to the second state.
6. The thermal management system according to claim 5 , wherein the control arrangement is configured to, in an occupant compartment heating mode, control the first valve to hinder flow of coolant through the connecting conduit and control the third valve to the first state.
7. The thermal management system according to claim 1 , wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a first radiator and a first coolant pump, and wherein the thermal management system comprises a control arrangement configured to, in a first heat pump operation mode, control the first valve to hinder flow of coolant through the connecting conduit and activate the first coolant pump so as to transfer heat collected from the surroundings by the first radiator to the first evaporator.
8. The thermal management system according to claim 1 further comprising a battery coolant circuit configured to cool the battery, and wherein the battery coolant circuit comprises an inlet in the coolant branch downstream of the first evaporator and an outlet in the coolant branch upstream of the first evaporator.
9. The thermal management system according to claim 8 , wherein the battery coolant circuit comprises a battery coolant branch, a battery radiator in the battery coolant branch, and a fourth valve configured to regulate the flow of coolant through the battery coolant branch.
10. The thermal management system according to claim 9 , wherein the battery coolant circuit comprises a battery coolant pump, and wherein the thermal management system comprises a control arrangement configured to, in a second heat pump operation mode, control the fourth valve to regulate flow of coolant through the battery coolant branch and activate the battery coolant pump so as to transfer heat collected from the surroundings by the battery radiator to the first evaporator.
11. The thermal management system according to claim 1 , wherein the heating circuit comprises a heat exchanger configured to heat the occupant compartment, and wherein the first return conduit is configured to return coolant to the propulsion coolant circuit from the heating circuit at a position upstream of the heat exchanger.
12. The thermal management system according to claim 11 , wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a second return conduit configured to return coolant to the propulsion coolant circuit from the heating circuit at a position downstream of the heat exchanger.
13. The thermal management system according to claim 12 further comprising a flow control arrangement controllable between a first state in which the flow control arrangement directs coolant through the first return conduit and a second state in which the flow control arrangement directs coolant through the second return conduit.
14. The thermal management system according to claim 1 , wherein the heating circuit comprises a heat exchanger and a fan configured to generate an airflow through the heat exchanger towards the occupant compartment, and wherein the thermal management system comprises a valve arrangement controllable to a state in which the valve arrangement directs at least part of the airflow to the surroundings.
15. A powertrain for a vehicle comprising an occupant compartment, wherein the powertrain comprises:
a propulsion system configured to provide motive power to the vehicle; and
a thermal management system comprising:
a propulsion coolant circuit configured to cool at least a portion of the propulsion system;
a heating circuit configured to heat the occupant compartment; and
a heat pump circuit comprising a first evaporator in the propulsion coolant circuit and a condenser in the heating circuit, wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a connecting conduit connecting the propulsion coolant circuit to the heating circuit at a position upstream of the condenser, and a first return conduit configured to return coolant to the propulsion coolant circuit from the heating circuit at a position downstream of the condenser; and
a first valve configured to control flow of coolant through the connecting conduit, wherein the propulsion system is an electric propulsion system comprising a battery, and wherein the first evaporator is further configured to cool the battery, wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a coolant branch and a second valve configured to regulate the flow of coolant through the coolant branch, and wherein the first evaporator is arranged in the coolant branch of the propulsion coolant circuit.
16. A vehicle comprising:
an occupant compartment;
a powertrain comprising a propulsion system configured to provide motive power to the vehicle; and
a thermal management system comprising:
a propulsion coolant circuit configured to cool at least a portion of the propulsion system;
a heating circuit configured to heat the occupant compartment; and
a heat pump circuit comprising a first evaporator in the propulsion coolant circuit and a condenser in the heating circuit, wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a connecting conduit connecting the propulsion coolant circuit to the heating circuit at a position upstream of the condenser, and a first return conduit configured to return coolant to the propulsion coolant circuit from the heating circuit at a position downstream of the condenser, and
a first valve configured to control flow of coolant through the connecting conduit, wherein the propulsion system is an electric propulsion system comprising a battery, and wherein the first evaporator is further configured to cool the battery, wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a coolant branch and a second valve configured to regulate the flow of coolant through the coolant branch, and wherein the first evaporator is arranged in the coolant branch of the propulsion coolant circuit.
17. A thermal management system for a vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises an occupant compartment and a propulsion system configured to provide motive power to the vehicle, and wherein the thermal management system comprises:
a propulsion coolant circuit configured to cool at least a portion of the propulsion system;
a heating circuit configured to heat the occupant compartment;
a heat pump circuit comprising a first evaporator in the propulsion coolant circuit and a condenser in the heating circuit, wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a connecting conduit connecting the propulsion coolant circuit to the heating circuit at a position upstream of the condenser, and a first return conduit configured to return coolant to the propulsion coolant circuit from the heating circuit at a position downstream of the condenser, and
a first valve configured to control flow of coolant through the connecting conduit, wherein the propulsion system is an electric propulsion system comprising a battery, and wherein the first evaporator is further configured to cool the battery, wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a coolant branch and a second valve configured to regulate the flow of coolant through the coolant branch, and wherein the first evaporator is arranged in the coolant branch; and
a battery coolant circuit configured to cool the battery, and wherein the battery coolant circuit comprises an inlet in the coolant branch downstream of the first evaporator and an outlet in the coolant branch upstream of the first evaporator.
18. A thermal management system for a vehicle, wherein the vehicle comprises an occupant compartment and a propulsion system configured to provide motive power to the vehicle, and wherein the thermal management system comprises:
a propulsion coolant circuit configured to cool at least a portion of the propulsion system;
a heating circuit configured to heat the occupant compartment;
a heat pump circuit comprising a first evaporator in the propulsion coolant circuit and a condenser in the heating circuit, wherein the propulsion coolant circuit comprises a connecting conduit connecting the propulsion coolant circuit to the heating circuit at a position upstream of the condenser, and a first return conduit configured to return coolant to the propulsion coolant circuit from the heating circuit at a position downstream of the condenser; and
a first valve configured to control flow of coolant through the connecting conduit, wherein the propulsion system is an electric propulsion system comprising a battery,
wherein the first evaporator is further configured to cool the battery, and
wherein the heating circuit comprises:
a heat exchanger configured to heat the occupant compartment, and wherein the first return conduit is configured to return coolant to the propulsion coolant circuit from the heating circuit at a position upstream of the heat exchanger, and
a second return conduit configured to return coolant to the propulsion coolant circuit from the heating circuit at a position downstream of the heat exchanger.