Granted Patent B2

US 12,228,014 · App. 17/186,608 · Granted Feb 18, 2025

Inventors: Mohammad Aljishi (Alqatif, SA); Fuad Alsultan (Alahsa, SA); Keshabananda Baruah (Abqaiq, SA)

Assignee: SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY

E21B37/00E21B41/0078E21B47/04E21B47/12E21B49/005E21B49/087E21B2200/20

Abstract

Claims (89)

1. A method for selective fluid treatment of formation areas to remove formation damage, the method comprising:

accessing log data associated with a well, the log data including at least one of permeability values or porosity values associated with a plurality of formation areas;

identifying, based on the log data, a shallow resistivity value, a medium resistivity value, and a deep resistivity value;

identifying, using a hardware processor, a formation area of the plurality of formation areas as a treatment candidate area based on at least one of a permeability value associated with the formation area exceeding a permeability threshold value or a porosity value associated with the formation area exceeding a porosity threshold value;

determining, based on utilizing a first ratio between the shallow resistivity value and the deep resistivity value and a second ratio between the medium resistivity value and the deep resistivity value as inputs to a resistivity tornado chart, an initial depth of invasion by drilling mud into the formation area;

obtaining a time-dependent synthetic model of a reservoir comprising:

a fluid flow equation, comprising a time derivative of a water density in the formation area, the water density based on a water saturation and a water salinity;

a formation resistivity equation based on the water salinity; and

Archie's equation based on the water saturation and the formation resistivity;

determining a current depth of invasion by drilling mud into the formation area using the hardware processor, the time-dependent synthetic model of a reservoir, and an initial water saturation for the fluid flow equation based on the initial depth of invasion;

determine a volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area based on the current depth of invasion; and

determining, using the hardware processor, a treatment fluid volume value that identifies a volume of treatment fluid for application to the formation area to remove the formation damage from the formation area during a formation damage removal process, the determining of the treatment fluid volume value being based on the volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the log data is included in open hole logs obtained during drilling operations associated with the well, the log data further including at least one of density values, resistivity values, or gamma ray values associated with the plurality of formation areas.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the identifying of the formation area as the treatment candidate area is further based on a comparison of a plurality of resistivity values obtained at a plurality of depths of the well indicating the drilling mud invasion into the formation area.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein a difference between a first resistivity value associated with a particular depth of the well and a second resistivity value associated with a different depth of the well exceeds a resistivity threshold value indicates that the drilling mud invasion into the formation area occurred at the particular depth.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining of the volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area is further based on a material balance equation that uses the current depth of invasion and petrophysical data of the formation area as inputs.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the determining of the current depth of invasion associated with the formation area includes:

generating a resistivity tornado chart based on a plurality of resistivity logs obtained at a plurality of depths of the well by spacing one or more transmitters and one or more receivers in a logging tool; and

computing true resistivity and invasion parameters based on analyzing the resistivity tornado chart,

wherein the true resistivity and invasion parameters are used as additional inputs for the material balance equation.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the shallow resistivity value, the medium resistivity value and the deep resistivity value represent measurements obtained during well logging at a plurality of depths of the well by spacing one or more transmitters and one or more receivers in a logging tool associated with the well;

the synthetic model of a reservoir is based on at least one of a plurality of fluid saturation values, a plurality of salinity values and a plurality of differential pressure values between a borehole and the reservoir in an original state; and

the plurality of fluid saturation values, the plurality of salinity values and the plurality of differential pressure values are obtained at a plurality of times and a plurality of depths of the well.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the determining of the volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area includes:

determining a thickness value of the invasion at a particular depth of the wellbore based on comparing the initial depth of invasion associated with the formation area and the current depth of invasion associated with the formation area;

determining a true formation resistivity value as a function of time and distance inside the formation area based on at least one of a formation saturation value associated with a particular time and the particular depth, a salinity value of a mud, or a salinity value of an original reservoir fluid; and

computing the volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area based on the thickness value of the invasion at the particular depth and the true formation resistivity value at the particular depth.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining of the treatment fluid volume value for treatment of the formation area includes:

identifying a type of treatment fluid based on analysis of formation lithology data and reservoir fluid data;

identifying, using a numerical simulation of the formation damage removal process and based on the type of treatment fluid, a correlation between simulation damage parameters and a simulated treatment fluid volume value for the formation area,

wherein the treatment fluid volume value is determined based on applying the correlation to actual damage parameters associated with the formation area.

10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

generating an instruction for a treatment fluid jetting tool to treat the formation area with the volume of treatment fluid corresponding to the treatment fluid volume value.

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

executing the instruction during the formation damage removal process, the executing causing removal of at least a portion of the formation damage from the formation area.

12. A system for selective fluid treatment of formation areas to remove formation damage, the system comprising:

an access module configured to access log data associated with a well, the log data including at least one of permeability values or porosity values associated with a plurality of formation areas; and

one or more hardware processors configured to:

receive log data from the access module;

identify, based on the log data, a shallow resistivity value, a medium resistivity value, and a deep resistivity value;

identify a formation area of the plurality of formation areas as a treatment candidate area based on at least one of a permeability value associated with the formation area exceeding a permeability threshold value or a porosity value associated with the formation area exceeding a porosity threshold value;

determine, based on utilizing a first ratio between the shallow resistivity value and the deep resistivity value and a second ratio between the medium resistivity value and the deep resistivity value as inputs to a resistivity tornado chart, an initial depth of invasion by drilling mud into the formation area;

obtain a time-dependent synthetic model of a reservoir comprising:

a fluid flow equation, comprising a time derivative of a water density in the formation area, the water density based on a water saturation and a water salinity;

a formation resistivity equation based on the water salinity; and

Archie's equation based on the water saturation and the formation resistivity;

determine a current depth of invasion by drilling mud into the formation area using the time-dependent synthetic model of a reservoir and an initial water saturation for the fluid flow equation based on the initial depth of invasion;

determine a volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area based on the current depth of invasion-value; and

determine a treatment fluid volume value that identifies a volume of treatment fluid for application to the formation area to remove the formation damage from the formation area during a formation damage removal process, the determining of the treatment fluid volume value being based on the volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the determining of the current depth of invasion associated with the formation area includes:

generating a resistivity tornado chart based on a plurality of resistivity logs obtained at a plurality of depths of the well by spacing one or more transmitters and one or more receivers in a logging tool; and

computing true resistivity and invasion parameters based on analyzing the resistivity tornado chart,

wherein the determining of the volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area is further based on a material balance equation that uses the current depth of invasion and petrophysical data of the formation area as inputs,

wherein the true resistivity and invasion parameters are used as additional inputs for the material balance equation.

14. The system of claim 12 , wherein:

the shallow resistivity value, the medium resistivity value and the deep resistivity value represent measurements obtained during well logging at a plurality of depths of the well by spacing one or more transmitters and one or more receivers in a logging tool associated with the well;

the synthetic model of a reservoir is based on at least one of a plurality of fluid saturation values, a plurality of salinity values and a plurality of differential pressure values between a borehole and the reservoir in an original state; and

the plurality of fluid saturation values, the plurality of salinity values and the plurality of differential pressure values are obtained at a plurality of times and a plurality of depths of the well.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the determining of the volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area includes:

determining a thickness value of the invasion at a particular depth of the wellbore based on comparing the initial depth of invasion value associated with the formation area and the current depth of invasion value-associated with the formation area;

determining a true formation resistivity value as a function of time and distance inside the formation area based on at least one of a formation saturation value associated with a particular time and the particular depth, a salinity value of a mud, or a salinity value of an original reservoir fluid; and

computing the volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area based on the thickness value of the invasion at the particular depth and the true formation resistivity value at the particular depth.

16. The system of claim 12 , wherein the determining of the treatment fluid volume value for treatment of the formation area includes:

identifying a type of treatment fluid based on analysis of formation lithology data and reservoir fluid data;

identifying, using a numerical simulation of the formation damage removal process and based on the type of treatment fluid, a correlation between simulation damage parameters and a simulated treatment fluid volume value for the formation area,

wherein the treatment fluid volume value is determined based on applying the correlation to actual damage parameters associated with the formation area.

17. The system of claim 12 , wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured to:

generate an instruction for a treatment fluid jetting tool to treat the formation area with the volume of treatment fluid corresponding to the treatment fluid volume value; and

execute the instruction during the formation damage removal process, the executing causing removal, using a jetting tool, of at least a portion of the formation damage from the formation area.

18. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a machine, cause the machine to perform a method comprising:

accessing log data associated with a well, the log data including at least one of permeability values or porosity values associated with a plurality of formation areas;

identifying, based on the log data, a shallow resistivity value, a medium resistivity value, and a deep resistivity value;

identifying a formation area of the plurality of formation areas as a treatment candidate area based on at least one of a permeability value associated with the formation area exceeding a permeability threshold value or a porosity value associated with the formation area exceeding a porosity threshold value;

determining, based on utilizing a first ratio between the shallow resistivity value and the deep resistivity value and a second ratio between the medium resistivity value and the deep resistivity value as inputs to a resistivity tornado chart, an initial depth of invasion by drilling mud into the formation area;

obtaining a time-dependent synthetic model of a reservoir comprising:

a fluid flow equation, comprising a time derivative of a water density in the formation area, the water density based on a water saturation and a water salinity;

a formation resistivity equation based on the water salinity; and

Archie's equation based on the water saturation and the formation resistivity;

determining a current depth of invasion by drilling mud into the formation area using the time-dependent synthetic model of a reservoir and an initial water saturation for the fluid flow equation based on the initial depth of invasion

determining a volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area based on the current depth of invasion; and

determining a treatment fluid volume value that identifies a volume of treatment fluid for application to the formation area to remove the formation damage from the formation area during a formation damage removal process, the determining of the treatment fluid volume value being based on the volume of drilling mud buildup in the formation area.

19. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 18 , wherein:

the shallow resistivity value, the medium resistivity value and the deep resistivity value represent measurements obtained during well logging at a plurality of depths of the well by spacing one or more transmitters and one or more receivers in a logging tool associated with the well;

the synthetic model of a reservoir is based on at least one of a plurality of fluid saturation values, a plurality of salinity values and a plurality of differential pressure values between a borehole and the reservoir in an original state; and

the plurality of fluid saturation values, the plurality of salinity values and the plurality of differential pressure values are obtained at a plurality of times and a plurality of depths of the well.

20. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 18 , wherein the determining of the treatment fluid volume value for treatment of the formation area comprises:

identifying a type of treatment fluid based on analysis of formation lithology data and reservoir fluid data; and

identifying, using a numerical simulation of the formation damage removal process and based on the type of treatment fluid, a correlation between simulation damage parameters and a simulated treatment fluid volume value for the formation area, wherein the treatment fluid volume value is determined based on applying the correlation to actual damage parameters associated with the formation area.

Assignments (1)

Continuity (1)

References Cited (14)