Chain-link converters
A chain-link converter includes a number of series-connected chain-link modules. Each chain-link module has a module controller that is programmed to control operation of the corresponding chain-link module to selectively provide a voltage source, whereby the chain-link converter is able to provide a stepped variable voltage source. The chain-link converter also includes a chain-link converter controller that is arranged in communication with each module controller, and which is programmed to, in-use, communicate to a number of the module controllers a measured converter current (I DC ) that is flowing through the chain-link converter. The module controllers that receive the measured converter current (I DC ) is each further programmed, in-use, to combine the measured converter current (I DC ) with a measured rate of change of current (I AC ) flowing through the corresponding chain-link module, to establish an instantaneous module current (I i ) that is flowing through the corresponding chain-link module.
1. A chain-link converter comprising:
a plurality of series-connected chain-link modules, each chain-link module having a module controller programmed to control operation of the corresponding chain-link module to selectively provide a voltage source whereby the chain-link converter is able to provide a stepped variable voltage source; and
a chain-link converter controller arranged in communication with each module controller and programmed to in-use communicate to a plurality of module controllers a measured converter current flowing through the chain-link converter;
the module controllers receiving the measured converter current each being further programmed in-use to combine the measured converter current with a rate of change of current flowing through and measured in the corresponding chain-link module to establish an instantaneous module current flowing through the corresponding chain-link module.
2. A chain-link converter according to claim 1 , further including at least one current transformer to provide the measured converter current flowing through the chain-link converter.
3. A chain-link converter according to claim 1 , wherein each chain-link module having a module controller that receives the measured converter current also includes a current measurement transducer to provide the measured rate of change of current flowing through the corresponding said chain-link module.
4. A chain-link converter according to claim 1 , wherein each of the module controllers receiving the measured converter current is programmed to establish an instantaneous module current by using the measured converter current as a base line current measurement and adding to that an integrated current measurement derived from the measured rate of change of current flowing through the corresponding chain-link module.
5. A chain-link converter according to claim 1 , wherein each of the module controllers receiving the measured converter current is additionally programmed to compare a latest received measured converter current with the established instantaneous module current and to adjust measurement of the rate of change of current flowing through the corresponding chain-link module if there is a discrepancy between the latest received measured converter current and the established instantaneous module current.
6. A chain-link converter according to claim 1 , wherein the chain-link converter controller is additionally programmed to take protective action if the measured converter current (IDC) exceeds a predetermined safe converter threshold.
7. A chain-link converter according to claim 6 , wherein each module controller is further programmed to report the need for it to take protective action to the chain-link converter controller, which in turn is further programmed to monitor the number of module controllers providing such a report.
8. A chain-link converter according to claim 7 , wherein the chain-link converter controller is still further programmed to at least one of:
instruct the or each module controller providing a report of the need to take protective action to avoid taking protective action if fewer than a predetermined number of module controllers provide such a report; and
initiate blocking of the chain-link converter and/or blocking of a voltage source converter within which the chain-link converter is in-use located, if the predetermined number or greater of module controllers provides such a report.
9. A chain-link converter according to claim 1 , wherein each module controller is additionally programmed to take protective action if the instantaneous module current (Ii) it establishes deviates from one or more predetermined parameters.
10. A chain-link converter according to claim 9 , wherein deviation from a predetermined parameter includes at least one of:
the instantaneous module current exceeding a predetermined safe module threshold which is greater than the predetermined safe converter threshold; and
the instantaneous module current increasing at a rate greater than a predetermined safe rate.
11. A method of operating a chain-link converter comprising a plurality of series-connected chain-link modules, each chain-link module having a module controller programmed to control operation of the corresponding chain-link module to selectively provide a voltage source whereby the chain-link converter is able to provide a stepped variable voltage source, and a chain-link converter controller arranged in communication with each module controller,
the method comprising the steps of:
(a) having the chain-link converter controller communicate to a plurality of module controllers a measured converter current lowing through the chain-link converter; and
(b) having the module controllers which receive the measured converter current combine the measured converter current with a rate of change of current flowing through and measured in the corresponding chain-link module to establish an instantaneous module current flowing through the said corresponding chain-link module.