Printed circuit board integrated antenna for transmitting / receiving data
The disclosure relates to radio engineering and, for example, to the printed circuit board-integrated antenna of transmitting/receiving data. A printed circuit board-integrated antenna for transmitting/receiving data, the antenna comprises an intermediate section comprising patch elements interconnected by at least one via, wherein a first patch element is disposed in a lower middle layer and is separated by a gap from a conductive solid area, a second patch element is disposed in an upper middle layer and is separated by a gap from the conductive solid area; a parasitic patch element disposed in an upper layer and separated by a gap from the conductive solid area; and a strip line connected directly to an edge of the first patch element, the strip line being disposed in the lower middle layer and configured for communicating a data signal to or from the intermediate section when transmitting/receiving data. The disclosure provides a simplified antenna configuration, for the implementation of which the minimum number of layers is used in the printed circuit board. The complexity of manufacturing the disclosed antenna is significantly reduced.
1. Printed circuit board-integrated antenna configured to transmit/receive data, the antenna being formed on adjacent layers of said printed circuit board, the adjacent layers being interconnected by a plurality of vias to form a conductive solid area, wherein said adjacent layers of the printed circuit board comprise a lower layer, a lower middle layer, an upper middle layer, and an upper layer, the antenna comprising:
an intermediate section comprising first and second patch elements interconnected by at least one via, wherein the first patch element is disposed in the lower middle layer and separated by a gap from the conductive solid area, the second patch element is disposed in the upper middle layer and separated by a gap from the conductive solid area;
a parasitic patch element disposed in the upper layer and separated by a gap from the conductive solid area; and
a strip line connected directly to an edge of the first patch element, the strip line being disposed in the lower middle layer configured to communicate a data signal to or from the intermediate section when transmitting/receiving data.
2. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein a cavity is disposed between the upper layer and the upper middle layer, the cavity having a side boundary formed substantially between a dielectric with which the cavity is filled and at least vias from said plurality of vias interconnecting the upper layer and the upper middle layer, wherein said cavity is configured as a resonator of the antenna.
3. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein the strip line further comprises a matching element configured to transform impedances of the strip line and the first patch element.
4. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of vias forming the conductive solid area in said adjacent layers of the printed circuit board are in a shape of a horn.
5. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein said gap between the second patch element and the conductive solid area is a shape of a slot aperture.
6. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 5 , wherein the slot aperture surrounds the second patch element and has a square, round, rectangular or oval shape.
7. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 5 , wherein, when transmitting data, the intermediate section is configured to generate an electromagnetic field propagating from the strip line to the slot aperture reradiating the electromagnetic field towards the parasitic patch element to excite the parasitic patch element, which is configured to, in response to excitation, reradiate the electromagnetic field into free space, wherein transverse electro-magnetic mode (TEM) is configured to propagate in the strip line, and H11/TE11-like mode is configured to propagate in the intermediate section between the patch elements.
8. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 7 , wherein, when receiving data, the parasitic patch element is configured to receive the electromagnetic field from free space, reradiate the electromagnetic field to the slot aperture and the intermediate section.
9. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein said adjacent layers of the printed circuit board are separated by at least three dielectric layers.
10. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 2 , wherein said gap between the second patch element and the conductive solid area is a shape of a slot aperture, and the slot aperture is configured to have a perimeter equal to a wavelength in a dielectric λ ε =λ 0 /√{square root over (ε eff )}, where λ 0 is a wavelength in vacuum/air and εeff is an effective dielectric permittivity of the dielectric.
11. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein the parasitic patch element has a same or different shape and size as the patch elements.
12. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein the patch elements and the parasitic patch element have a square, round, rectangular or oval shape.
13. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein the patch elements have any shape of square, round, rectangular, or oval shapes, and the parasitic patch element has another shape of square, round, rectangular, or oval shapes.
14. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein the patch elements and the parasitic patch element are configured to have a perimeter equal to 1 wavelength in the dielectric.
15. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein the parasitic patch element and the patch elements are disposed so the center of the parasitic patch element and the center of the patch elements are aligned.
16. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein the parasitic patch element and the patch elements are disposed so the center of the parasitic patch element is offset relative to the center of the patch elements.
17. The printed circuit board-integrated antenna of claim 1 , wherein the antenna is configured to operate in the millimeter wave range.