Wearable apparatus containing a digitally controlled degradeable microneedle array for intradermal drug delivery
A drug delivery device having an array of solid microneedles embedded with drugs and a light-to-heat-transducing (LTHT) element and a flexible printed circuit board containing a light source, such as a light emitting diode, which can be activated to release the drug embedded in the microneedles through localized melting. The device is worn in contact with the skin of a user, which enables the microneedles penetrate the upper layers of the user's skin. Although in contact with a user's skin, the drugs are not delivered until the device is activated. Activation can occur by an external signal received by the device or through a signal based on a physiological state of the user determined through a sensor in a closed-loop control system.
1. A wearable device for intradermal delivery of a drug comprising:
a microneedle array comprising a plurality of microneedles,
wherein each microneedle of the microneedle array comprises the drug, a light-to-heat transducing element, and a polymer;
at least one light source comprising a light emitting diode; and
a controller to operate the at least one light source,
wherein light energy emitted from the at least one light source is absorbed by the light-to-heat transducing element, causing a rise in temperature that melts the polymer and releasing the drug.
2. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the light-to-heat transducing element comprises a gold nanorod.
3. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising:
an attachment means to affix the device to a user's skin.
4. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a cellulose substrate attached to a surface of the microneedle array.
5. The wearable device of claim 3 , wherein the attachment means comprises an adhesive.
6. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a light guide selected from the group consisting of an optical waveguide, a lens, and an optical fiber,
wherein the light guide directs light emanating from the light source to at least one microneedle of the microneedle array.
7. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has a melting point of about 48-50 C.
8. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the controller activates the light source based on a signal received by the controller from an external source.
9. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the controller activates the light source based on a signal originating within the controller.
10. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a sensor capable of providing data related to a physiological state of the user.
11. The wearable device of claim 10 , wherein the physiological state is selected from the group consisting of an electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, respiratory rate, body temperature, and blood pressure.
12. The wearable device of claim 10 , wherein the controller activates the light source based on the physiological data.
13. The device of claim 10 , wherein the sensor is located on the device.
14. The device of claim 10 , wherein the sensor communicates directly with the controller.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein a first light source activates a first population of microneedles and a second light source activates a second population of microneedles.
16. The device of claim 15 , wherein the first population and the second population have light-to-heat transducing elements that respond to different frequencies of light.
17. A method of intradermally delivering a drug using a wearable device, the method comprising:
affixing a wearable device to a user's skin, wherein the device comprises:
a microneedle array comprising a plurality of microneedles,
wherein each microneedle of the microneedle array comprises the drug, a light-to-heat transducing element, and a polymer;
at least one light source comprising a light emitting diode; and
a controller to operate the at least one light source,
activating the at least one light source, wherein light energy emitted from the at least one light source is absorbed by the light-to-heat transducing element, causing a rise in temperature that melts the polymer and releasing the drug.