Circuit breaker having vacuum interrupters and single-phase control with magnetic actuators and associated method
A circuit breaker may include a first magnetic actuator connected to a first single-phase vacuum interrupter, a second magnetic actuator connected to a second single-phase vacuum interrupter, and a third magnetic actuator connected to the third single-phase vacuum interrupter. Each magnetic actuator is configured to receive an interrupt signal, and in response, actuate a respective vacuum interrupter connected thereto into an open circuit condition. Each magnetic actuator includes a fixed core, a plurality of permanent magnets surrounding the fixed core, and a movable core received within the fixed core. A controller generates an interrupt signal to a respective magnetic actuator and interrupts one or more of the first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters.
1. A three-phase, medium voltage switchgear, comprising:
a switchgear housing having an interior compartment;
a truck mounted for movement within the interior compartment;
first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters mounted within the interior compartment on the truck and extending upward therefrom, each configured to be connected to respective first, second and third single-phase input circuits from a three-phase power distribution grid and to respective first, second and third single-phase outputs connected to a load;
first, second and third magnetic actuators mounted within the truck adjacent and connected to the respective first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters, each magnetic actuator configured to receive an interrupt signal and in response, actuate the respective single-phase vacuum interrupter connected thereto into an open circuit condition, wherein each magnetic actuator comprises,
a fixed core,
a plurality of permanent magnets surrounding the fixed core,
a movable core received within the fixed core;
a sensing circuit operatively connected between first, second and third single-phase outputs and the load, said sensing circuit configured to detect one or more single-phase overcurrents or faults on one or more single-phase circuits of the load; and
a controller connected to each of said first, second and third magnetic actuators and sensing circuit, and configured to generate the interrupt signal to a respective magnetic actuator connected to the single-phase vacuum interrupter over which a single-phase overcurrent or fault had been detected and actuate the respective single-phase vacuum interrupter into an open circuit condition.
2. The circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein said plurality of permanent magnets are arranged in a square configuration around the fixed core.
3. The circuit breaker of claim 2 wherein each permanent magnet comprises a bar magnet extending the length of a side forming the square configuration.
4. The circuit breaker of claim 3 comprising a side plate covering each permanent magnet forming a box configuration.
5. The circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein each movable core comprises an output shaft and a piston carried by the output shaft and movable within the fixed core.
6. The circuit breaker of claim 5 comprising first, second and third connectors interconnecting the output shafts of respective first, second and third magnetic actuators to respective first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters.
7. The circuit breaker of claim 1 further comprising a relay connected between said first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters and first, second and third single-phase outputs.
8. The circuit breaker of claim 1 wherein said sensing circuit comprises at least one current or potential transformer.
9. A magnetic actuator for a single-phase vacuum interrupter, comprising:
a fixed core;
a movable core received within the fixed core and comprising an output shaft and piston carried by the output shaft and movable within the fixed core; and
a plurality of permanent magnets arranged in a square configuration around the fixed core and forming a toroid of magnetic field surrounding the fixed core, wherein said output shaft has an end configured to connect to a vacuum interrupter.
10. The magnetic actuator of claim 9 wherein each permanent magnet comprises a bar magnet extending the length of a side forming the square configuration.
11. The magnetic actuator of claim 10 comprising a side plate covering each permanent magnet forming a box configuration.
12. The magnetic actuator of claim 11 comprising a clamp member surrounding said side plates and holding the side plates together in the box configuration.
13. A method of operating a three-phase, medium voltage switchgear, the switchgear comprising:
a switchgear housing having an interior compartment;
a truck mounted for movement within the interior compartment;
first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters mounted within the interior compartment on the truck and extending upward therefrom, each configured to be connected to respective first, second and third single-phase input circuits from a three-phase power distribution grid and to respective first, second and third single-phase outputs connected to a load;
first, second and third magnetic actuators mounted within the truck adjacent and connected to the respective first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters, each magnetic actuator configured to receive an interrupt signal and in response, actuate the respective single-phase vacuum interrupter connected thereto into an open circuit condition, wherein each magnetic actuator comprises,
a fixed core,
a plurality of permanent magnets surrounding the fixed core,
a movable core received within the fixed core;
a sensing circuit operatively connected between first, second and third single-phase outputs and the load, said sensing circuit configured to detect one or more single-phase overcurrents or faults on one or more single-phase circuits of the load; and
a controller connected to each of said first, second and third magnetic actuators and sensing circuit, the method comprising generating the interrupt signal to a respective magnetic actuator connected to the single-phase vacuum interrupter over which a single-phase overcurrent or fault had been detected and actuating the respective single-phase vacuum interrupter into an open circuit condition.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said plurality of permanent magnets are arranged in a square configuration around the fixed core.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein each permanent magnet comprises a bar magnet extending the length of a side forming the square configuration.
16. The method of claim 15 comprising a side plate covering each permanent magnet forming a box configuration.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein each fixed core comprises an output shaft and a piston carried by the output shaft and movable within the fixed core.
18. The method of claim 17 comprising interconnecting output shafts of respective first, second and third magnetic actuators to respective first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters.
19. The method of claim 13 comprising a relay between said first, second and third single-phase vacuum interrupters and first, second and third single-phase outputs.