Composite nonwoven sheet material
A composite nonwoven sheet material includes pulp fibers, a reinforcement material and microfibers. The sheet material has one pulp-enriched first outer layer and one microfiber-enriched second outer layer, the reinforcement material is thereby interposed between the pulp-enriched first outer layer and the microfiber-enriched second outer layer and the pulp fibers and the microfibers penetrate the reinforcement material. Also disclosed is a process of producing such composite nonwoven sheet material and the use of such composite nonwoven sheet material.
1. A process of producing a composite nonwoven sheet material, comprising:
forming a fibrous web comprising a layer of reinforcement material having a first side and a second side, the reinforcement material being interposed between pulp fibers applied on the first side of the reinforcement material and microfibers applied on the second side of the reinforcement material; and
hydroentangling the fibrous web to form the composite nonwoven sheet material,
wherein the pulp fibers form a pulp-enriched first outer layer including at least 50 wt. % of pulp fibers in an outermost 5% of a thickness of the sheet material,
wherein the microfibers form a microfiber-enriched second outer layer including at least 60 wt. % of microfibers in an outermost 5% of a thickness of the sheet material, and
wherein the reinforcement material comprises spun-laid filaments,
wherein the pulp fibers and the microfibers penetrate the reinforcement material,
wherein the composite nonwoven sheet material has bulk pores having a maximum pore volume distribution at a pore radius between 5 and 30 μm and which has surface pores having a maximum pore volume distribution at a pore radius between 25 and 40 μm, and
wherein the composite nonwoven sheet material has a liquid absorbance capacity ranging between 5.5 and 8 grams of liquid per gram of composite nonwoven sheet material.
2. The process of claim 1 , comprising:
two hydroentanglement steps at different sides of the fibrous web.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fibrous web is manufactured in a process comprising:
providing the reinforcement material layer having a first side and a second side;
applying pulp fibers on the first side of the reinforcement material by wet laying, dry laying or air laying;
hydroentangling the reinforcement material provided with the pulp fibers applied on the first side of the reinforcement material; and
applying microfibers or splittable fibers for providing the microfibers on the second side of the reinforcement material by wet laying, dry laying or air laying to obtain the fibrous web.
4. The process of claim 3 , comprising:
two hydroentanglement steps at different sides of the fibrous web.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fibrous web is manufactured in a process comprising:
providing a layer comprising pulp fibers by wet laying, dry laying or air laying,
applying the reinforcement material layer on one side of the layer comprising pulp fibers by wet laying, dry laying or air laying;
hydroentangling the layer comprising pulp fibers provided with the reinforcement material layer; and
applying microfibers or splittable fibers for providing the microfibers on the reinforcement material layer by wet laying, dry laying or air laying to obtain the fibrous web.
6. The process of claim 5 , comprising:
two hydroentanglement steps at different sides of the fibrous web.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fibrous web is manufactured in a process comprising:
providing a layer comprising microfibers or splittable fibers for providing the microfibers by wet laying, dry laying or air laying,
applying the reinforcement material layer on one side of the layer comprising the microfibers, by wet laying, dry laying or air laying;
hydroentangling the layer comprising microfibers provided with the reinforcement material; and
applying pulp fibers on the reinforcement material layer by wet laying, dry laying or air laying to obtain the fibrous web.
8. The process of claim 7 , comprising:
two hydroentanglement steps at different sides of the fibrous web.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pulp-enriched first outer layer includes at least 80 wt. % of pulp fibers in an outermost 5% of a thickness of the sheet material.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the pulp-enriched first outer layer includes at least 90 wt. % of pulp fibers in an outermost 5% of a thickness of the sheet material.
11. The process of claim 9 , wherein the microfiber-enriched first outer layer includes at least 90 wt. % of microfiber in an outermost 5% of a thickness of the sheet material.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pulp fibers have fiber lengths between 1 and 6 mm.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein
the microfibers have a mass density of 1 Dtex or less,
the microfibers have a length of 18 mm or less,
the reinforcement material comprises synthetic filaments of a thermoplastic polymer,
the sheet material comprises 40-65 wt. % of pulp fibers, 15-30 wt. % of reinforcement material and 15-30 wt. % of microfibers, and
the synthetic filaments of a thermoplastic polymer comprise a polyolefin, a polyester or a polylactide.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the microfibers have a mass density of 1 Dtex or less.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the microfibers have a length of 18 mm or less.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reinforcement material comprises synthetic filaments of a thermoplastic polymer.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sheet material comprises 25-80 wt. % of pulp fibers, 10-40 wt. % of reinforcement material and 10-40 wt. % of microfibers.
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the sheet material comprises 40-65 wt. % of pulp fibers, 15-30 wt. % of reinforcement material and 15-30 wt. % of microfibers.
19. The process of claim 1 , wherein the composite nonwoven sheet material has a total basis weight ranging between 50 and 100 g/m 2 .