Method and system for operating an electrical grid
A method and system for operating an isolated AC grid with a fluctuating source of electric power (FSEP) generated from renewable energy, and with a fluctuating AC power demand (FACPD). A selectively driven alternator is couplable to an IC engine fueled from a hydrogen tank. A hydrogen generator is powered by the FSEP. The method includes powering the hydrogen generator from the FESP when actual electric power generated by the FSEP exceeds FACPD and simultaneously the tank has storage capacity, storing the generated hydrogen in the tank and generating AC power with the SDA by combusting hydrogen from the tank in the IC engine when actual electric power generated by the FSEP is less than the FACPD, and the amount of hydrogen in the tank is above a hydrogen amount threshold.
1. A method for operating an isolated AC electrical grid, said AC electrical grid having coupled thereto:
at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power generated from renewable energy for supplying AC electric power to said AC electrical grid,
consumers creating a fluctuating consumer AC electric power demand on said AC electrical grid,
at least one selectively driven alternator, said selectively driven alternator being selectively operably couplable to an internal combustion engine operated on hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and another fuel, said internal combustion engine being coupled to a hydrogen supply system, said hydrogen supply system comprising a hydrogen storage unit,
at least one hydrogen generating unit coupled to said AC electrical grid and/or to said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power,
said method comprising:
keeping said selectively driven alternator coupled to the AC electrical grid, rotating and online regardless of the alternator being coupled to the internal combustion engine,
powering said at least one hydrogen generating unit with AC electric power from said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power only when actual AC electric power generated by said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power exceeds actual consumer AC electric power demand and simultaneously hydrogen storage capacity is available in said hydrogen storage unit, for generating hydrogen with said at least one hydrogen generating unit,
storing hydrogen generated by said at least one hydrogen generating unit in said hydrogen storage unit,
generating AC electric power with said at least one selectively driven alternator by combusting hydrogen from said hydrogen storage unit or a mixture of hydrogen from said hydrogen storage unit and another fuel in said internal combustion engine by operably coupling said internal combustion engine to said alternator and driving said alternator with said internal combustion engine, when actual AC electric power generated by said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power is less than the actual consumer AC electric power demand and simultaneously the amount of hydrogen in said hydrogen storage unit is above a hydrogen amount threshold.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein an electric battery is connected to said AC electric grid by an inverter, comprising generating AC electric power with said at least one selectively driven alternator by combusting hydrogen from said hydrogen storage unit or a mixture of hydrogen from said hydrogen storage unit and another fuel in said internal combustion engine, when the charge level of said electric battery is below a first battery charge level threshold.
3. The method of claim 1 , comprising a controller, wherein said controller is configured to ramp up and down hydrogen production with said hydrogen generating unit as a function, of the availability of actual surplus AC electric power generated by said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power, wherein actual surplus AC electric power is defined as the amount to which the actual AC electric power generated by said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power exceeds the actual consumer AC electric power demand, or said controller is configured to ramp up and down hydrogen production with said hydrogen generating unit as a function, of the frequency of the AC electrical grid.
4. The method according to claim 1 , comprising pressuring hydrogen generated by said hydrogen generating unit using a high-pressure pump driven by an electric drive motor, and comprising powering said electric drive motor with AC electric power generated by said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power.
5. The method according to claim 1 , comprising determining said actual consumer AC electric power demand, determining the actual AC electric power generated by said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power comprises a photovoltaic unit coupled to an inverter for inverting DC power generated by the photovoltaic unit to AC electric power.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power comprises at least one wind turbine.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrogen generating unit comprises an electrolysis unit, the electrolysis unit being supplied with AC electric power from one or more of: said photovoltaic unit, said inverter, said wind turbine, said AC busbar.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power, said hydrogen generating unit and said selectively driven alternator, said selectively driven alternator and/or said inverter are connected to an AC busbar.
10. The method according to claim 1 , comprising a clutch system between said internal combustion engine and said selectively driven alternator.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said controller is configured to clutch-in the internal combustion engine when the internal combustion engine is at synchronous rpm with the selectively driven alternator.
12. The method according to claim 1 , comprising generating AC electric power with said at least one selectively driven alternator by combusting fuel other than hydrogen from said hydrogen storage unit in said internal combustion engine, when the amount of hydrogen in said hydrogen storage unit is below a hydrogen amount threshold and battery charge level is below lower charge level threshold.
13. The method according to claim 1 , comprising at least one selectively driven alternator, said selectively driven alternator being selectively operably couplable to an internal combustion engine operated on a fuel other than hydrogen from said hydrogen storage unit, said method comprising generating AC electric power with said at least one selectively driven alternator by combusting fuel other than hydrogen from said hydrogen storage unit in said internal combustion engine, when the amount of hydrogen in said hydrogen storage unit is below a hydrogen amount threshold.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a fuel cell is coupled to said AC electrical grid via an inverter, said fuel cell being coupled to said hydrogen storage unit, comprising generating AC electric power with said fuel cell by converting hydrogen from said hydrogen storage unit into DC power and converting said DC power into AC power with said inverter.
15. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:
operating the at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power as a slave to the AC electrical grid,
measuring grid frequency,
controlling grid frequency with a controllable inverter as master controller to obtain a desired grid frequency,
supplying AC electric power from an electric battery through the controllable inverter to the AC electrical grid when the measured grid frequency is below the desired grid frequency by more than a first lower margin, and
withdrawing AC electric power through the controllable inverter from the AC electrical grid to the electric battery when the measured grid frequency is above the desired grid frequency by more than a second first upper margin.
16. The method according to claim 14 , comprising increasing AC electric power production with said fuel cell and said inverter according to a defined slope when the measured grid frequency is below the desired grid frequency by more than a fourth lower margin, decreasing AC electric power production with said fuel cell and said inverter according to a defined slope when the measured grid frequency exceeds the desired grid frequency by more than a fourth upper margin.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an electric battery is coupled to said AC electrical grid by an inverter, comprising powering said at least one hydrogen generating unit with AC electric power from said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power when, and preferably only when, actual AC electric power generated by said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power exceeds actual consumer AC electric power demand and battery charge level is above an upper charge level set point and simultaneously hydrogen storage capacity is available in said hydrogen storage unit and battery charge level of said electric battery is above a battery charge threshold.
18. An energy supply system for operating an isolated AC electrical grid, said AC electrical grid having coupled thereto:
at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power generated from renewable energy for supplying AC electric power to said AC electrical grid,
consumers creating a fluctuating consumer AC electric power demand on said AC electrical grid,
at least one selectively driven alternator, said selectively driven alternator being selectively operably couplable to an internal combustion engine operated on hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and another fuel, said internal combustion engine being coupled to a hydrogen supply system, said hydrogen supply system comprising a hydrogen storage unit,
at least one hydrogen generating unit coupled to said AC electrical grid or to said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power,
a controller configured to:
keep said selectively driven alternator coupled to the AC electrical grid, rotating and online regardless of the alternator being coupled to the internal combustion engine,
power said at least one hydrogen generating unit with AC electric power from said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power only when, actual AC electric power generated by said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power exceeds actual consumer AC electric power demand and simultaneously hydrogen storage capacity is available in said hydrogen storage unit, for generating hydrogen with said at least one hydrogen generating unit,
store hydrogen generated by said at least one hydrogen generation unit in said hydrogen storage unit, and
generate AC electric power with said at least one selectively driven alternator by combusting hydrogen from said hydrogen storage unit or a mixture of hydrogen from said hydrogen storage unit and another fuel in said internal combustion engine by operably coupling said internal combustion engine to said alternator and driving said alternator with said internal combustion engine, when actual AC electric power generated by said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power is less than the consumer AC electric power demand and simultaneously the amount of hydrogen in said hydrogen storage unit is above a hydrogen amount threshold.
19. The energy supply system according to claim 18 , comprising an electric battery coupled to said AC electrical grid by an inverter, wherein said controller is configured to power said at least one hydrogen generating unit with AC electric power from said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power when actual AC electric power generated by said at least one fluctuating source of AC electric power exceeds actual consumer AC electric power demand and battery charge level is above an upper charge level set point and simultaneously hydrogen storage capacity is available in said hydrogen storage unit.