Methods and kits useful for diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)
The present disclosure relates to methods, compositions, and kits for concentrating and purifying at least one target analyte from a clinical biological sample. In some embodiments, the methods involve one or more aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) compositions and at least one solid phase medium. Some embodiments provide a kit comprising one or more ATPS compositions, a binding buffer; and a solid phase medium. Other embodiments provide methods of treating cancers or infectious diseases in a patient in need thereof.
1. A method for concentrating and purifying at least one target analyte from a clinical biological sample, comprising the steps of
(a) combining the clinical biological sample with a first aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composition comprising a polymer, a salt component comprising at least one salt, a surfactant, or any combination thereof dissolved in an aqueous solution to form a target-rich phase solution and a target-poor phase solution, such that the target analyte is concentrated in the target-rich phase;
(b) collecting the target-rich phase;
(c) optionally adding the target-rich phase to a second ATPS composition comprising a polymer, a salt component comprising at least one salt, a surfactant, or any combination thereof dissolved in an aqueous solution to form a second target-rich phase solution and a second target-poor phase solution, such that the target analyte is concentrated in the second target-rich phase, and collecting the second target-rich phase;
(d) optionally mixing the target-rich phase from step (b) or the second target-rich phase from step (c) with a binding buffer to form a mixed solution;
(e) contacting the target rich phase from step (b), the second target-rich phase from step (c) or the mixed solution from step (d) with a solid phase medium configured to selectively bind the target analyte such that the solid phase medium binds to the target analyte; and
(f) eluting and collecting the target analyte from the solid phase medium with an eluting solution, resulting in a final solution containing the concentrated and purified target analyte; and
(g) subjecting said final solution to a diagnostic assay for detection and quantification of the target analyte;
wherein the target analyte is a biomarker indicating the presence or risk of a medical condition or disease in a patient, wherein the medical condition or disease is HPV.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the clinical biological sample is blood, plasma, urine, saliva, stool, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), lymph, serum, sputum, peritoneal fluid, sweat, tears, nasal swab, vaginal swab, endocervical swab, semen, or breast milk.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the clinical biological sample is urine.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of washing the solid phase medium with one or more appropriate solvents to remove impurities after step (e) and before step (f).
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of treating the clinical biological sample with a lysing composition before step (a).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binding buffer comprises a chaotropic agent comprising an anion selected from the group consisting of thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, perchlorate, acetate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, chloride, and iodide.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target analyte is a nucleic acid, wherein the nucleic acid is HPV viral RNA or HPV viral DNA.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (e) comprises the following steps:
(i) contacting a portion of the mixed solution with the solid phase medium such that the target analyte binds to the solid phase medium to form a solid phase extraction complex;
(ii) perturbing the solid phase extraction complex and discarding the flow-through; and
(iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii).
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the solid phase medium is a plurality of beads, wherein the beads are selected from the group consisting of magnetic beads, silica-based beads, carboxyl beads, hydroxyl beads, and amine-coated beads; the solid phase extraction complex is a beads-analyte complex; perturbing is spinning; and the flowthrough is the supernatant;
wherein
the target analyte is a nucleic acid less than a target size;
the plurality of beads binds to the target analyte and to other nucleic acids;
the eluting solution is a fractionation buffer that, when contacted with the beads during the elution step (f), causes the target analyte to be released while not releasing the other nucleic acids, resulting in a final solution containing the concentrated and purified target analyte(s); wherein the fractionation buffer comprises a polymer, a chaotropic agent, or any combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the solid phase medium is an extraction column, wherein the extraction column is a spin column; and
wherein step (e) comprises the following steps:
(i) loading a portion of the mixed solution from step (d) onto the extraction column;
(ii) centrifuging the extraction column and discarding the flow-through; and
(iii) optionally repeating steps (i) and (ii) above one or more times, until all of the mixed solution has been passed through the extraction column.
11. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the salt comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, calcium, ammonium, lithium, magnesium, aluminium, cesium, barium, straight or branched trimethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, tripropyl ammonium, tributyl ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, tetrapropyl ammonium and tetrabutyl ammonium; and an anion selected from the group consisting of phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen phosphate, sulfate, sulfide, sulfite, hydrogen sulfate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, acetate, nitrate, nitrite, sulfite, chloride, fluoride, chlorate, perchlorate, chlorite, hypochlorite, bromide, bromate, hypobromite, iodide, iodate, cyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, oxalate, formate, chromate, dichromate, permanganate, polyacrylate, hydroxide, hydride, citrate, borate, and tris; and
wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethers, polyimines, polyacrylates, polyalkylene glycol, vinyl polymer, alkoxylated surfactant, polysaccharides, alkoxylated starch, alkoxylated cellulose, alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulose, polyether-modified silicones, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid and one or more copolymers thereof; and/or
wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant;
wherein
the anionic surfactant is carboxylates, sulphonates, petroleum sulphonates, alkylbenzenesulphonates, naphthalenesulphonates, olefin sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, sulphates, sulphated natural oils, sulphated natural fats, sulphated esters, sulphated alkanolamides, sulphated alkylphenols, ethoxylated alkylphenols, or sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate (NLS);
the nonionic surfactant is ethoxylated aliphatic alcohol, polyoxyethylene surfactants, carboxylic esters, polyethylene glycol esters, anhydrosorbitol ester, glycol esters of fatty acids, carboxylic amides, monoalkanolamine condensates, or polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides;
the cationic surfactant is quaternary ammonium salts, amines with amide linkages, polyoxyethylene alkyl amines, polyoxyethylene alicyclic amines, n,n,n′,n′ tetrakis substituted ethylenediamines, or 2-alkyl 1-hydroxethyl 2-imidazolines; and
the amphoteric surfactant is n-coco 3-aminopropionic acid or a sodium salt thereof, n-tallow 3-iminodipropionate or a disodium salt thereof, n-carboxymethyl n dimethyl n-9 octadecenyl ammonium hydroxide, or n-cocoamidethyl n hydroxyethylglycine or a sodium salt thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer of the first ATPS composition or the second ATPS composition is dissolved in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.5-80% (w/v);
the salt component of the first ATPS composition or the second ATPS composition is dissolved in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.1% to 80% (w/v); and/or
the surfactant of the first ATPS composition or the second ATPS compositions is dissolved in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.1%-90% (w/v).
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first ATPS composition or the second ATPS composition is a polymer-salt system;
the polymer is dissolved in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.5-80% (w/v); and
the salt component is dissolved in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.1%-80% (w/v).
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first ATPS composition or the second ATPS composition is a polymer-polymer system comprising at least two polymers, and each polymer is dissolved in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.2-50% (w/v).
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first ATPS composition or the second ATPS composition is a micellar system comprising at least two surfactants, and each surfactant is dissolved in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.1%-90% (w/v).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the clinical biological sample is a bulk fluid sample having a volume >10 mL, further comprising the following step before step (a): dividing the bulk fluid sample into at least two aliquots of a sample solution;
wherein each aliquot is separately combined with the first ATPS in steps (a) and optionally the collected target rich phase from step (b) is separately combined with the second ATPS in step (c) to form each aliquot's target rich phase; wherein each aliquot's target-rich phase from step (b) or each aliquot's second target-rich phase from step (c) is combined together to form a final target rich phase for step (d).
17. A method of diagnosing or treating HPV in a patient in need thereof, comprising
(i) obtaining a clinical biological sample from the patient;
(ii) concentrating and purifying at least one target analyte from the clinical biological sample according to the method of claim 1 ;
(iii) analyzing the final solution; and
(iv) determining if the information obtained from the target analyte indicates that the patient has HPV or is at risk of developing HPV; and
(v) optionally treating the patient.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the target analyte is HPV viral RNA or HPV viral DNA.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the clinical biological sample is blood, plasma, urine, saliva, stool, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), lymph, serum, sputum, peritoneal fluid, sweat, tears, nasal swab, vaginal swab, endocervical swab, semen, or breast milk.