Sound-attenuating heat exchangers and methods of exchanging heat and attenuating sound within sound-attenuating heat exchangers
Sound-attenuating heat exchangers and methods of exchanging heat and attenuating sound within sound-attenuating heat exchangers. The sound-attenuating heat exchangers include a base region, which defines a first base side and a second base side, and a plurality of elongate fluid conduits, which are at least partially defined by the base region and configured to contain a cooled fluid stream. The sound-attenuating heat exchangers also include a plurality of heat transfer-enhancing structures, which extend from the first base side and are configured to exchange thermal energy with a cooling fluid stream, and a sound-attenuating region, which extends from the second base side. The sound-attenuating region includes a plurality of resonator cells configured to attenuate sound and a plurality of resonator cell openings. Each resonator cell opening opens from a corresponding resonator cell toward the plurality of heat transfer-enhancing structures. The methods include methods of operating the sound-attenuating heat exchanger.
1. A sound-attenuating heat exchanger, comprising:
a base region that defines a first base side and an opposed second base side, wherein the first base side and the second base side face away from one another;
a plurality of elongate fluid conduits at least partially bounded by a planar region of the second base side that faces away from the first base side, wherein the plurality of elongate fluid conduits is configured to contain a cooled fluid stream;
a plurality of heat transfer-enhancing structures extending from the first base side and configured to exchange thermal energy with a cooling fluid stream; and
a sound-attenuating region extending from the second base side, wherein the sound-attenuating region includes:
(i) a plurality of resonator cells configured to attenuate sound; and
(ii) a plurality of resonator cell openings, wherein each resonator cell opening of the plurality of resonator cell openings opens from a corresponding resonator cell toward the plurality of heat transfer-enhancing structures.
2. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein each resonator cell opening of the plurality of resonator cell openings provides fluid communication between the corresponding resonator cell and the cooling fluid stream to attenuate sound within the cooling fluid stream.
3. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of resonator cell openings is defined within the base region, and wherein each resonator cell opening of the plurality of resonator cell openings at least one of:
(i) extends through the base region; and
(ii) extends between the first base side and the second base side.
4. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein each resonator cell of the plurality of resonator cells defines at least one of:
(i) a corresponding Helmholtz resonator for sound waves within the cooling fluid stream; and
(ii) a corresponding quarter-wavelength resonator for sound waves within the cooling fluid stream.
5. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein each resonator cell opening of the plurality of resonator cell openings is at least one of:
(i) spaced-apart from the plurality of elongate fluid conduits; and
(ii) fluidly isolated from the plurality of elongate fluid conduits.
6. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein at least two resonator cell openings of the plurality of resonator cell openings opens from the corresponding resonator cell toward the plurality of heat transfer-enhancing structures.
7. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heat transfer-enhancing structures includes at least one of:
(i) a plurality of projections;
(ii) a plurality of pins;
(iii) a plurality of posts;
(iv) a plurality of sheet-like projections;
(v) a plurality of fins; and
(vi) a plurality of dimples.
8. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein an interior volume of each resonator cell of the plurality of resonator cells is in fluid communication with the cooling fluid stream only via a single corresponding resonator cell opening of the plurality of resonator cell openings.
9. A jet engine installation, comprising:
a fan;
a fan housing;
a turbine assembly mechanically coupled to, and configured to rotate with, the fan;
a turbine housing at least partially surrounding the turbine assembly;
a nacelle at least partially surrounding the fan, the turbine assembly, and the turbine housing; and
the sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 1 .
10. An aircraft including the jet engine installation of claim 9 .
11. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of heat transfer-enhancing structures includes a plurality of fins, and further wherein each resonator cell opening of the plurality of resonator cell openings is defined within the base region and extends between the first base side and the second base side.
12. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 11 , wherein each resonator cell of the plurality of resonator cells defines at least one of:
(i) a square transverse cross-sectional shape;
(ii) a squircular transverse cross-sectional shape;
(iii) a rectangular transverse cross-sectional shape; and
(iv) a hexagonal transverse cross-sectional shape.
13. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 11 , wherein each elongate fluid conduit of the plurality of elongate fluid conduits extends:
(i) along an at least substantially linear fluid conduit trajectory; and
(ii) at least partially between adjacent pairs of resonator cells of the plurality of resonator cells.
14. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of resonator cell openings includes a plurality of holes.
15. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 14 , wherein each hole of the plurality of holes extends between a corresponding adjacent pair of elongate fluid conduits of the plurality of elongate fluid conduits.
16. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 14 , wherein each hole of the plurality of holes extends into only one corresponding resonator cell of the plurality of resonator cells.
17. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of resonator cell openings is defined by a porous region of the base region.
18. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 17 , wherein the porous region extends between a corresponding adjacent pair of elongate fluid conduits of the plurality of elongate fluid conduits.
19. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 11 , wherein at least one of:
(i) the plurality of resonator cells and the plurality of elongate fluid conduits are at least partially interleaved;
(ii) the plurality of resonator cells is arranged in-between corresponding elongate fluid conduits of the plurality of elongate fluid conduits; and
(iii) a depth of the plurality of elongate fluid conduits is at least substantially equal to a depth of the plurality of resonator cells.
20. The sound-attenuating heat exchanger of claim 19 , wherein each resonator cell of the plurality of resonator cells defines at least one of:
(i) a polygonal transverse cross-sectional shape;
(ii) a hexagonal transverse cross-sectional shape;
(iii) a square transverse cross-sectional shape;
(iv) a rectangular transverse cross-sectional shape;
(v) a circular transverse cross-sectional shape;
(vi) a squircular transverse cross-sectional shape; and
(viii) an elliptical transverse cross-section shape.
21. A method of exchanging heat and attenuating sound within a sound-attenuating heat exchanger, the method comprising:
flowing a cooling fluid stream through a plurality of heat transfer-enhancing structures that extends from a first base side of a base region of the sound-attenuating heat exchanger;
receiving, into a plurality of resonator cells of a sound-attenuating region of the sound-attenuating heat exchanger and via a plurality of resonator cell openings of the sound-attenuating heat exchanger, a sound wave that propagates within the cooling fluid stream, wherein the sound-attenuating region is positioned on a second base side of the base region, which is opposed to and faces away from the first base side of the base region, and further wherein each resonator cell opening of the plurality of resonator cell openings opens from a corresponding resonator cell of the plurality of resonator cells and toward the plurality of heat transfer-enhancing structures;
attenuating the sound wave within the sound-attenuating region;
receiving, with a plurality of elongate fluid conduits that is at least partially bounded by a planar region of the second base side that faces away from the first base side, a cooled fluid stream;
exchanging thermal energy between the cooling fluid stream and the cooled fluid stream within the sound-attenuating heat exchanger; and
maintaining fluid separation between the cooling fluid stream and the cooled fluid stream within the sound-attenuating heat exchanger.