Interferometric location sensing
A method for signal processing includes receiving via first and second antennas ( 34 ) respective first and second input signals in response to an output signal that is transmitted from a wireless transmitter ( 27, 28, 30 ) and encodes a predefined sequence of symbols. A temporal correlation function is computed over the first and second input signals with respect to one or more of the symbols in the predefined sequence so as to identify respective first and second correlation peaks and extract respective first and second carrier phases of the first and second input signals at the first and second correlation peaks. A phase difference between the first and second signals is measured based on a difference between the first and second carrier phases extracted at the first and second correlation peaks. Based on the measured phase difference, an angle of arrival of the output signal from the wireless transmitter is estimated. There is additionally provided, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a method for location finding, which includes receiving radio signals transmitted between a plurality of fixed transceivers having multiple antennas at different, respective first locations and a mobile transceiver at a second location. A respective phase difference is detected between the received radio signals that are associated with each of the multiple antennas of each of the fixed transceivers. Multiple loci are computed, corresponding respectively to respective angles between each of the fixed transceivers and the mobile transceiver based on the respective phase differences. Location coordinates of the mobile transceiver are found based on the angles and the transmit locations of the transmitters by identifying an intersection of the loci as the second location of the mobile transceiver.
1. A method for location finding, comprising:
receiving radio signals transmitted between a plurality of fixed transceivers having multiple antennas at different, respective first locations and a mobile transceiver at a second location;
detecting a respective phase difference between the received radio signals that are associated with each of the multiple antennas of each of the fixed transceivers;
computing multiple loci corresponding respectively to respective angles between each of the fixed transceivers and the mobile transceiver based on the respective phase differences; and
finding location coordinates of the mobile transceiver based on the angles and the transmit locations of the transmitters by identifying an intersection of the loci as the second location of the mobile transceiver,
wherein the radio signals transmitted over the air between a given fixed transceiver and the mobile transceiver comprise at least first and second radio signals, which are associated respectively with first and second ones of the multiple antennas and are both modulated with a given sequence of symbols, and
wherein detecting the respective phase difference comprises identifying a given symbol in the sequence in each of the first and second radio signals that are received over the air, and measuring a delay in arrival of the given symbol between the first and second radio signals.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein receiving the radio signals comprises receiving, by the mobile transceiver, the radio signals transmitted from the plurality of the fixed transceivers, and computing the multiple loci comprises computing angles of departure of the radio signals from the fixed transceivers to the mobile transceiver.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein receiving the radio signals comprises receiving, by the fixed transceivers, the radio signals transmitted from the mobile transceiver, and computing the multiple loci comprises computing angles of arrival of the radio signals from the fixed transceivers to the mobile transceiver.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fixed transceivers are disposed in proximity to a common plane, and wherein finding the location coordinates comprises computing the location coordinates of the mobile transceiver in the common plane.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the common plane is a floor in a man-made structure.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multiple loci comprise at least two rays extending through the plane from at least one of the first locations.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the multiple antennas of each of the fixed transceivers are separated by an inter-antenna distance, and wherein defining the multiple loci comprises computing an angular separation between the at least two rays as a function of a ratio between the inter-antenna distance and a wavelength of the radio signals.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein defining the multiple loci comprises, when the ratio between the inter-antenna distance and a wavelength of the radio signals for a given fixed transceiver is greater than one, defining at least two of the rays emanating from the given fixed transceiver such that the angular separation between the at least two of the rays is less than 180°.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second radio signals encode identical data using a multi-carrier encoding scheme with a predefined cyclic delay between the first and second radio signals, and wherein measuring the delay comprises applying the cyclic delay in detecting the respective phase difference.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the given sequence of the symbols comprises a predefined training sequence, and wherein identifying the given symbol comprises finding a specified one of the symbols in the training sequence.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein detecting the respective phase difference comprises estimating channel state information between each of the multiple antennas and the mobile transceiver based on the received radio signals, and wherein computing the multiple loci comprises deriving the angles from the channel state information.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fixed transceivers include at least one wireless access point, and wherein receiving the radio signals comprises receiving and processing the radio signals received by the mobile transceiver from the at least one wireless access point without establishing an association between the mobile transceiver and the at least one wireless access point.
13. The method according to claim 1 , and comprising storing a map of the first locations of the fixed transceivers, and wherein finding the location coordinates comprises referring the computed angles to the map in order to find the location coordinates relative to the map.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the map is stored on a server, and wherein referring the computed angles of departure to the map comprises transmitting information to the server with respect to the received radio signals, and computing the location coordinates at the server using the transmitted information.
15. Apparatus for location finding, comprising:
a mobile transceiver comprising at least one receive antenna, which is configured to receive, at a given second location, radio signals transmitted from a plurality of fixed transceivers, each having multiple antennas, at different, respective first locations; and
a processor, which is configured to process the received radio signals so as to detect a respective phase difference between the radio signals received from the multiple antennas of each of the fixed transceivers, to compute multiple loci corresponding respectively to respective angles of departure from each the fixed transceivers to the mobile transceiver based on the respective phase differences, and to find location coordinates of the mobile transceiver based on the angles of departure and the first locations of the fixed transceivers by identifying an intersection of the loci as the second location of the mobile transceiver,
wherein the radio signals transmitted over the air between a given fixed transceiver and the mobile transceiver comprise at least first and second radio signals, which are associated respectively with first and second ones of the multiple antennas and are both modulated with a given sequence of symbols, and
wherein the processor is configured to detect the respective phase difference by identifying a given symbol in the sequence in each of first and second radio signals received at the mobile transceiver, and measuring a delay in arrival at the mobile transceiver of the given symbol between the first and second radio signals.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the fixed transceivers are disposed in proximity to a common plane, and wherein the processor is configured to compute the location coordinates of the mobile transceiver in the common plane.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein the common plane is a floor in a man-made structure.
18. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the multiple loci comprise at least two rays extending through the plane from at least one of the first locations.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein the multiple antennas of each of the fixed transceivers are separated by an inter-antenna distance, and wherein the processor is configured to compute an angular separation between the at least two rays as a function of a ratio between the inter-antenna distance and a wavelength of the radio signals.
20. The apparatus according to claim 19 , wherein the processor is configured, when the ratio between the inter-antenna distance and a wavelength of the radio signals for a given fixed transceiver is greater than one, to define at least two of the rays emanating from the given fixed transceiver such that the angular separation between the at least two of the rays is less than 180°.
21. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the first and second radio signals encode identical data using a multi-carrier encoding scheme with a predefined cyclic delay between the first and second radio signals, and wherein measuring the delay comprises applying the cyclic delay in detecting the respective phase difference.
22. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the given sequence of the symbols comprises a predefined training sequence, and wherein identifying the given symbol comprises finding a specified one of the symbols in the training sequence.
23. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the processor is configured to estimate channel state information between each of the multiple antennas and the mobile transceiver based on the received radio signals, and to derive the multiple loci from the channel state information.
24. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the fixed transceivers include at least one wireless access point, and wherein the mobile transceiver is configured to receive and process the radio signals from the at least one wireless access point without establishing an association between the mobile transceiver and the at least one wireless access point.
25. The apparatus according to claim 15 , wherein the processor is configured to store a map of the first locations of the fixed transceivers, and to refer the computed angles of departure to the map in order to find the location coordinates relative to the map.
26. The apparatus according to claim 25 , wherein the map is stored on a server, and wherein the mobile transceiver is configured to transmit information to the server with respect to the received radio signals, and the processor is configured to compute the location coordinates at the server using the transmitted information.
27. A system for location finding, comprising:
a plurality of fixed transceivers, each having multiple antennas, at different, respective first locations, wherein the fixed transceivers are configured to receive via the multiple antennas radio signals transmitted from a mobile transmitter at a given second location; and
a processor, which is configured to process the received radio signals so as to detect a respective phase difference between the radio signals received by the multiple antennas of each of the fixed transceivers, to compute multiple loci corresponding respectively to respective angles of arrival from the mobile transceiver to each of the fixed transceivers based on the respective phase differences, and to find location coordinates of the mobile transceiver based on the angles of arrival and the first locations of the fixed transceivers by identifying an intersection of the loci as the second location of the mobile transceiver,
wherein the radio signals transmitted over the air between a given fixed transceiver and the mobile transceiver comprise at least first and second radio signals, which are associated respectively with first and second ones of the multiple antennas and are both modulated with a given sequence of symbols, and
wherein the processor is configured to detect the respective phase difference by identifying a given symbol in the sequence in each of first and second radio signals received at the mobile transceiver, and measuring a delay in arrival at the mobile transceiver of the given symbol between the first and second radio signals.
28. A computer software product for use in conjunction with radio signals transmitted and received between a plurality of fixed transceivers having multiple antennas at different, respective first locations and a mobile transceiver at a second location, the product comprising a tangible, non-transitory computer-readable medium in which program instructions are stored, which instructions, when read by a processor, cause the processor to receive from at least one of the transceivers a respective phase difference detected by the at least one of the transceivers between the received radio signals that are associated with each of the multiple antennas of each of the fixed transceivers,
wherein the instructions cause the processor to compute multiple loci corresponding respectively to respective angles between each the fixed transceivers and the mobile transceiver based on the respective phase differences, and to find location coordinates of the mobile transceiver based on the angles and the first locations of the fixed transceivers by identifying an intersection of the loci as the second location of the mobile transceiver,
wherein the radio signals transmitted over the air between a given fixed transceiver and the mobile transceiver comprise at least first and second radio signals, which are associated respectively with first and second ones of the multiple antennas and are both modulated with a given sequence of symbols, and
wherein the processor is configured to detect the respective phase difference by identifying a given symbol in the sequence in each of first and second radio signals received at the mobile transceiver, and measuring a delay in arrival at the mobile transceiver of the given symbol between the first and second radio signals.