Monitoring device for monitoring a physiological parameter and methods thereof
A method to process signals acquired with at least one accelerometer and one gyroscope worn by a subject for evaluating a heart rate and/or a respiratory rate. The method includes: receiving the accelerometer and gyroscope signals at a sampling frequency in a given time window; combining each pair of accelerometer and gyroscope signals in the given window to output an orientation vector for each sampling time using a quaternion representation; applying at least one filter to the orientation signal defined by the orientation vectors to obtain a filtered signal; calculating an average breath cycle and/or time interval separating two consecutive heart beats using an algorithm for modeling an average signal, which iteratively determines the average between the filtered signal and the average signal from a preceding iteration; estimating a heart and/or respiratory rate from the calculated average breath cycle and/or time interval separating two consecutive heart beats.
1. A method to evaluate a heart rate and/or a respiratory rate of a subject wearing a monitoring device comprising at least one accelerometer, at least one gyroscope, at least one photoplethysmograph, and a processor comprising a microprocessor and a controller, wherein said method comprises the following steps:
estimating, by the processor, a level of activity of the subject according to signals acquired by the at least one accelerometer and the at least one gyroscope;
comparing, by the processor, said level of activity to a predefined threshold; and either:
if the photoplethysmograph is in a deactivated state, activating, by the processor, the photoplethysmograph, or activating, by the processor, the photoplethysmograph and maintaining, by the processor, the photoplethysmography in an activated state when the level of activity is above the predefined threshold and calculating, by the processor, the heart rate and/or the respiratory rate using the photoplethysmographic signal; or
if the photoplethysmograph is in an activated state, deactivating, by the processor, the photoplethysmograph, or deactivating, by the processor, the photoplethysmograph and maintaining, by the processor, the photoplethysmograph in a deactivated state when the level of activity is below the predefined threshold and implementing, by the processor, a method to monitor physiological signals by processing signals acquired with at least one accelerometer and one gyroscope for the evaluation of a heart rate and/or a respiratory rate of a subject wearing a monitoring device comprising said accelerometer, said gyroscope, and the processor, said method comprising the following steps:
receiving, by the processor, the signals acquired by the accelerometer and the gyroscope with a predefined sampling frequency at n sampling times in a given time window, so as to obtain a pair of n successive samples of the signals acquired by the accelerometer and the gyroscope in the given time window;
for each pair of the n successive samples of the signals acquired by the accelerometer and the gyroscope in the given time window, combining, by the processor, the n successive samples of the signals of the accelerometer and the gyroscope, by the processor using a quaternion representation so as to output an orientation vector for each n sampling time, the processor using the quaternion representation providing computational simplicity and increased power efficiency, wherein the orientation vectors for all n sampling times in the given time window collectively define an orientation signal;
applying, by the processor, at least one filter to the orientation signal so as to obtain a filtered signal for the given time window;
calculating, by the processor, an average breath cycle and/or an average time interval separating two consecutive heart beats, the processor using an algorithm for modeling an average signal, said algorithm iteratively determining said average breath cycle and/or said average time interval separating two consecutive heart beats by computing an average signal between the filtered signal obtained for the given time window and an average signal obtained in a preceding iteration for a preceding time window;
estimating, by the processor, a heart rate and a respiratory rate from the average breath cycle and the average time interval separating two consecutive heart beats calculated; and
transmitting, by the processor, data to a companion device or a server operating system, said data selected from the group consisting of: the pair of n successive samples of signals, the average breath cycle and/or the average time interval separating two consecutive heart beats calculated, the heart rate and/or the respiratory rate estimated, and combinations thereof,
wherein the deactivating, by the processor, of the photoplethysmograph when the level of activity reduces energy consumption of the monitoring device.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the photoplethysmograph is periodically activated, by the processor, and the heart rate and/or the respiratory rate estimated with the PPG signal are used to evaluate, by the processor, the heart rate and/or the respiratory rate obtained signals acquired with at least one accelerometer and one gyroscope.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the difference between the heart rate and/or the respiratory rate obtained from the photoplethysmographic signal and the at least one accelerometer and one gyroscope signal is used as feedback signal for the calculation of the filter coefficients by the processor.
4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprises a step for removing, by the processor, a motion artefact from the photoplethysmographic signal.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method to monitor physiological signals by processing signals acquired with at least one accelerometer and one gyroscope further comprises a step of estimating, by the processor, a quality metrics related to the accuracy of the heart rate and/or the respiratory rate estimated and a step of calculating, by the processor, filter coefficients of the at least one filter on the basis of said quality metrics.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the average breath cycle and/or the average time interval separating two consecutive heart beats are further calculated, by the processor, using at least one computation algorithm chosen from a list comprising at least a direct frequency estimation algorithm and a blind equalization algorithm, the selection of the computing algorithm being made on the basis of at least one first indicator calculated from said quality metrics.
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the step of applying the at least one filter to the orientation signal comprises the application of two band pass filters optimized according to a Parks-Mcclellan method.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of applying the at least one filter comprises:
filtering, by the processor, the orientation signal in the band [0.08 Hz; 0.5 Hz] for selecting a part of the orientation signal comprising at least partially the breath activity; and
filtering, by the processor, the orientation signal in the band [0.5 Hz; 4 Hz] for selecting a part of the orientation signal comprising at least partially the heart activity.
9. A monitoring device for monitoring a physiological parameter of a subject wearing said monitoring device, comprising:
a photoplethysmograph, to measure oxygen saturation in blood in order to detect a frequency related to hearth rate and respiratory rate;
an inertial motion unit comprising at least one gyroscope and/or at least one accelerometer; and
a processor comprising a microprocessor and control, the processor being configured to implement the following steps:
measuring a level of activity of the subject according to signals acquired by the at least one accelerometer and the at least one gyroscope;
comparing said level of activity to a predefined threshold; and either:
if the photoplethysmograph is in a deactivated state, activating the photoplethysmograph, by the processor, or activating the photoplethysmograph, by the processor, and maintaining, by the processor, the photoplethysmorgraph in an activated state when the level of activity is above the predefined threshold and calculating, by the processor, the heart rate and/or the respiratory rate using the photoplethysmographic signal; or
if the photoplethysmograph is in an activated state, deactivating the photoplethysmograph and implementing, by the processor, a method to monitor physiological signals by processing signals acquired with at least one accelerometer and one gyroscope for the evaluation of a heart rate and/or a respiratory rate of a subject wearing a monitoring device comprising said accelerometer, said gyroscope, and the processor, said method comprising the following steps:
receiving, by the processor, the signals acquired by the accelerometer and the gyroscope with a predefined sampling frequency at n sampling times in a given time window, so as to obtain a pair of n successive samples of the signals acquired by the accelerometer and the gyroscope in the given time window;
for each pair of the n successive samples of the signals acquired by the accelerometer and the gyroscope in the given time window, combining, by the processor, the n successive samples of the signals of the accelerometer and the gyroscope, by the processor using a quaternion representation so as to output an orientation vector for each n sampling time, the processor using the quaternion representation providing computational simplicity and increased power efficiency, wherein the orientation vectors for all n sampling times in the given time window collectively define an orientation signal;
applying, by the processor, at least one filter to the orientation signal so as to obtain a filtered signal for the given time window;
calculating, by the processor, an average breath cycle and/or an average time interval separating two consecutive heart beats, the processor using an algorithm for modeling an average signal, said algorithm iteratively determining said average breath cycle and/or said average time interval separating two consecutive heart beats by computing an average signal between the filtered signal obtained for the given time window and an average signal obtained in a preceding iteration for a preceding time window;
estimating, by the processor, a heart rate and a respiratory rate from the average breath cycle and the average time interval separating two consecutive heart beats calculated; and
transmitting, by the processor, data to a companion device or a server operating system, said data selected from the group consisting of: the pair of n successive samples of signals, the average breath cycle and/or the average time interval separating two consecutive heart beats calculated, the heart rate and/or the respiratory rate estimated, and combinations thereof,
wherein the activating, by the processor, of the photoplethysmograph when the level of activity is above a predefined threshold reduces energy consumption of the monitoring device.
10. The monitoring device according to claim 9 , further comprising a temperature sensor.
11. The monitoring device according to claim 9 , wherein the data acquired and/or processed by the monitoring device are transmitted to the server operating system.
12. The monitoring device according to claim 9 , wherein the data acquired and/or processed by the monitoring device are transmitted to the companion device.
13. The monitoring device according to claim 9 , wherein the method to monitor physiological signals by processing signals acquired with at least one accelerometer and one gyroscope further comprises a step of estimating, by the processor, a quality metrics related to the accuracy of the heart rate and/or the respiratory rate estimated and a step of calculating, by the processor, filter coefficients of the at least one filter on the basis of said quality metrics.
14. The monitoring device according to claim 13 , wherein the average breath cycle and/or the average time interval separating two consecutive heart beats are further calculated, by the processor, using at least one computation algorithm chosen from a list comprising at least a direct frequency estimation algorithm and a blind equalization algorithm, the selection of the computing algorithm being made on the basis of at least one first indicator calculated from said quality metrics.
15. The monitoring device according to claim 13 , wherein the step of applying the at least one filter to the orientation signal comprises the application of two band pass filters optimized according to a Parks-Mcclellan method.
16. The monitoring device according to claim 9 , wherein the step of applying the at least one filter comprises:
filtering, by the processor, the orientation signal in the band [0.08 Hz; 0.5 Hz] for selecting a part of the orientation signal comprising at least partially the breath activity; and
filtering, by the processor, the orientation signal in the band [0.5 Hz; 4 Hz] for selecting a part of the orientation signal comprising at least partially the heart activity.
17. A monitoring device for monitoring a physiological parameter, comprising:
a photoplethysmograph, to measure oxygen saturation in blood in order to detect a frequency related to hearth rate and respiratory rate;
an inertial motion unit comprising at least one gyroscope and/or at least one accelerometer; and
a processor configured to implement the method according to claim 1 .