Hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic lipids and renewable hydrocarbon fuels produced therefrom
The invention relates to renewable hydrocarbons, and more particularly to biomass-based diesel fuel produced in a process including hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of phenolic lipids. The process may generally include combining a phenolic lipid and a hydrocarbon diluent to provide a hydrocarbon-diluted phenolic lipid then subjecting the hydrocarbon-diluted phenolic lipid to hydrodeoxygenation in a reactor to provide a reactor effluent including a hydrodeoxygenated phenolic lipid. The hydrodeoxygenated phenolic lipid is separated from the reactor effluent.
1. A lipid having a fused phenol group attached to the second and third carbon from the carboxylic acid carbon of a fatty acid molecule according to Structure II, with C3-C18 carbon chain including carbon-carbon double bonds, wherein the phenolic lipid is used as a hydrodeoxygenation feedstock for renewable diesel and wherein the lipid is optionally decarboxylated prior to the hydrodeoxygenation step.
2. A method for producing a renewable diesel fuel comprising the steps of:
a. combining a phenolic lipid and a hydrocarbon diluent to provide a hydrocarbon-diluted phenolic lipid;
b. subjecting the hydrocarbon-diluted phenolic lipid to hydrodeoxygenation in a reactor to provide a reactor effluent including a hydrodeoxygenated phenolic lipid; and
c. separating the hydrodeoxygenated phenolic lipid from the reactor effluent;
d. wherein the hydrodeoxygenated phenolic lipid is a hydrocarbon with an oxygen content of less than 0.1 wt. %.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the reactor includes a sulfided molybdenum catalyst and operates at a temperature between 600 and 650° F. in the presence of hydrogen under a pressure in the range of 500 to 2700 psig.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the phenolic lipid is Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL).
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the phenolic lipid is blended with a non-phenolic lipid.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the phenolic lipid is diluted with a paraffinic hydrocarbon.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the volumetric ratio of the phenolic lipid to the paraffinic hydrocarbon is between 1:1 and 1:4.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the phenolic lipid is partially hydrogenated.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sulfided molybdenum catalyst comprises a nickel or a cobalt promoter.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydrodeoxygenated phenolic lipid has a bromine index greater than 70.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydrodeoxygenated phenolic lipid is a hydrocarbon in the diesel boiling range (150-380° C.).
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the hydrocarbon has less than 4 wt. % mono-aromatic hydrocarbons no detectable polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the hydrocarbon comprises C21 hydrocarbons.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the hydrocarbon comprises alkylcyclohexane.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the hydrocarbon is used as a fuel or fuel component for compression ignition engines.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the hydrocarbon is not isomerized.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the hydrocarbon has a cloud point of 16° C. or less.
18. A renewable diesel (RD) fuel, comprising;
a. n-alkyl cyclohexane compounds;
b. less than 0.1 wt. % oxygen;
c. a bromine index of 70 or higher;
d. mono-aromatics content in the range of 1 wt. % to 4 wt. %; and
e. no detectable di-, tri-or polyaromatics;
f. wherein the n-alkyl cyclohexane compounds are the product of the hydrodeoxygenation of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid.
19. A method for storing electricity comprising the steps of;
a. directing the electricity to an electrolyzer for splitting a water stream into a hydrogen and an oxygen stream;
b. supplying the hydrogen to a batch reactor containing a phenolic lipid;
c. subjecting the phenolic lipid to hydrodeoxygenation in the batch reactor;
d. discharging a hydrodeoxygenated phenolic lipid from the batch reactor; and
e. wherein the hydrodeoxygenated phenolic lipid is a hydrocarbon with an oxygen content of less than 0.1 wt. %.
20. The method of claim 2 , wherein the phenolic lipid is decarboxylated prior to hydrodeoxygenation.
21. A blended feedstock for hydrodeoxygenation comprising a phenolic lipid and a conventional lipid wherein;
a. the phenolic lipid is 2 nd boil Cashew Nut Shell Liquid;
b. the conventional lipid comprises at least 5 wt. % free fatty acid; and
c. the blended feedstock has a higher oxidative stability than the conventional lipid.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the blended feedstock has a Rancimat induction time greater than 10 h as measured at 110° C. test temperature.
23. A method for producing a low sulfur diesel comprising biomass, comprising the steps of;
a. providing a combined feed comprising a petroleum diesel (straight run, light gas oil, light cycle oil, or light vacuum gas oil) with 0.1-1.3 wt. % sulfur and a phenolic lipid;
b. hydrotreating the combined feed in a hydrotreater comprising CoMo and/or NiMo catalyst; and
c. recovering a hydrotreated diesel fuel with less than 15 wppm sulfur;
d. wherein the combined feed includes up to 20 wt. % decarboxylated phenolic lipid and the decarboxylated phenolic lipid is 2 nd boil Cashew Nut Shell Liquid.