Bioprinted meniscus implant and methods of using same
Provided herein are meniscus implant compositions, as well as methods for making and using the same. The subject meniscus implants find us in repairing and/or replacing damaged or diseased meniscal tissue in a mammalian subject.
1. A synthetic tissue structure comprising a plurality of layers deposited by a bioprinter, each layer comprising one or more synthetic tissue fibers comprising a solidified biocompatible matrix, wherein the type of matrix material varies in at least one direction within one or more synthetic tissue fibers in at least one layer, and wherein said tissue structure further comprises one or more anchor regions.
2. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 1 , further comprising cells.
3. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 1 , further comprising one or more active agents.
4. The synthetic tissue structure according to claim 1 , wherein each of said layers comprises a matrix material that varies in type in at least one direction.
5. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 2 , wherein at least one of said layers comprises a cell type and/or a cell density that varies in at least one direction within the one or more synthetic tissue fibers.
6. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 3 , wherein at least one of said layers comprises one or more active agents that vary in type and/or amount in at least one direction within the one or more synthetic tissue fibers.
7. The synthetic tissue structure according to claim 1 , wherein the periphery of said synthetic tissue structure comprises the one or more anchor regions, wherein the one or more anchor regions comprise one or more reinforced matrix materials.
8. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 1 , wherein the matrix material comprises alginate, laminin, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, poly(ethylene) glycol based gel(s), gelatin, chitosan, agarose, or a combination thereof.
9. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 8 , wherein the matrix material comprises alginate.
10. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 1 , wherein the solidified biocompatible matrix is physiologically compatible.
11. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 10 , wherein the solidified biocompatible matrix comprises one or more of collagen, fibronectin, thrombospondin, glycosaminoglycans (GAG), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), adhesion glycoproteins, elastin, and combinations thereof.
12. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 11 , wherein the collagen is collagen I, collagen II, collagen III, collagen IV, collagen V, collagen VI, or collagen XVIII.
13. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 11 , wherein the GAG is hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-6-sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, or keratin sulfate.
14. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 2 , wherein the cells are mammalian cells; and wherein the mammalian cells are selected from the group consisting of fibroblasts, chondrocytes, fibrochondrocytes, primary human meniscus-derived chondrocytes, stem cells, bone marrow cells, embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, differentiated stem cells, tissue-derived cells, microvascular endothelial cells, and combinations thereof.
15. The synthetic tissue structure according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of said layers comprises a single continuous synthetic tissue fiber dispensed from the bioprinter.
16. The synthetic tissue structure according to claim 15 , wherein the single continuous synthetic tissue fiber dispensed from the bioprinter has a variable composition.
17. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 7 , wherein the one or more anchor regions are comprised of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyurethane (PU), or any combination thereof, or one or more double network hydrogels.
18. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 7 , wherein the one or more anchor regions further comprise a non-toxic dye.
19. The synthetic tissue structure according to claim 1 , wherein the entire periphery of a layer of said synthetic tissue structure comprises a reinforced matrix material.
20. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 1 , wherein the one or more anchor regions comprise one or more layers of higher strength material(s) deposited in alternation with one or more layers of softer matrix materials, wherein the softer matrix materials comprise materials conducive to cell survival and ingrowth.
21. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 20 , wherein the one or more layers of higher strength materials are comprised of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyurethane (PU), or any combination thereof, or one or more double network hydrogels generated by combining at least two different hydrogel materials.
22. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 21 , wherein the at least two different hydrogel materials include alginate, Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), methacryloyl polyethylene glycol (PEGMA), gellan gum, agarose, polyacrylamide, or any combination thereof.
23. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 1 , wherein the one or more anchor regions comprise a non-toxic dye.
24. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 1 , further comprising one or more reinforced peripheral regions.
25. The synthetic tissue structure of claim 7 , further comprising one or more reinforced peripheral regions.