Processes for crystallizing metal sulfates and methods for producing crystallized metal sulfates
A process and method for producing a crystallized metal sulfate. The crystallized metal sulfate may be battery-grade. The method may comprise receiving a metal ion-containing stream and crystalizing a metal sulfate from the stream. The process may comprise receiving a stream from a metal processing plant, and crystalizing a metal sulfate from the stream. The process may be a metal electrowinning process comprising crystalizing a metal ion-containing stream to form a crystallized metal sulfate in a mother liquor. The process or method may comprise returning the mother liquor upstream or to the metal electrowinning process.
1. A process for crystallizing a metal sulfate, the process comprising:
diverting at least a portion of a fluid stream from a process performed in a metal processing plant to a crystallizer separate from the process performed in the metal processing plant,
the stream comprising a metal sulfate and an impurity;
controlling operational parameters of the crystallizer to crystalize the metal sulfate over the impurity, and
crystallizing the metal sulfate to form a crystallized metal sulfate in a mother liquor, the mother liquor comprising the impurity;
separating the crystallized metal sulfate from the mother liquor; and
returning the mother liquor upstream in the process or returning the mother liquor to the metal processing plant;
wherein the fluid stream is a feed to a metal electrowinning, metal hydrogen reduction, metal intermediate production, or metal oxide production step of the plant.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid stream is a feed to metal electrowinning and boric acid is present in the fluid stream or is added to the fluid stream to suppress crystallization of sodium salts.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein boric acid is added only to the portion of the fluid stream that is received for crystallization.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein crystallizing the metal sulfate comprises a first crystallization step and a second crystallization step, and the crystallized metal sulfate from the first crystallization step is redissolved and recrystallized in the second crystallization step.
5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein a mother liquor from the second crystallization step is returned to either the first crystallization step or another step of the plant or process.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mother liquor is acidic.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein returning the mother liquor to the plant comprises using the mother liquor upstream in the plant as a leaching agent.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process comprises:
receiving a portion of the fluid stream from the metal processing plant; or
returning the mother liquor to the plant.
9. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:
refining the fluid stream prior to crystallizing; or
basifying the mother liquor.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mother liquor is returned upstream of the metal electrowinning, metal hydrogen reduction, metal intermediate production, or metal oxide production step of the plant, or
wherein the fluid stream is an anolyte from a metal electrowinning step of the plant, and the mother liquor is returned downstream of the metal electrowinning step of the plant.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fluid stream comprises nickel, cobalt, or manganese ions.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the crystallized metal sulfate is a hydrated salt or is battery grade nickel sulfate.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mother liquor is a bleed stream used to preload an organic extractant in a solvent extraction step of the plant, with the metal sulfate to be recovered, to reduce a sodium, ammonium, or other impurity cation concentration in the stream in which the mother liquor is returned.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein diverting at least a portion of the fluid stream from a process performed in a metal processing plant comprises diverting a fluid side-stream from the metal processing plant.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is integrated with a metal processing plant.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein controlling operational parameters of the crystallizer to crystalize a metal sulfate over an impurity comprises:
bleeding the mother liquor from the crystallizer; and
controlling the bleed rate from the crystallizer to inhibit crystallizing the impurity when crystallizing the metal sulfate, or
controlling the bleed rate from the crystallizer to crystallize one metal sulfate over another metal sulfate.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the impurity comprises sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, fluoride, copper, iron, aluminum, zinc, and/or borates.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the plant is one or more of a metal electrowinning plant, a metal hydrogen reduction plant, a metal intermediate production plant, or a metal oxide production plant.
19. A process for crystallizing a metal sulfate, the process comprising:
diverting at least a portion of a fluid stream from a process performed in a metal processing plant to a crystallizer separate from the process performed in the metal processing plant,
the stream comprising a metal sulfate and an impurity;
controlling operational parameters of the crystallizer to crystalize the metal sulfate over the impurity, and
crystallizing the metal sulfate to form a crystallized metal sulfate in a mother liquor, the mother liquor comprising the impurity;
separating the crystallized metal sulfate from the mother liquor; and
returning the mother liquor upstream in the process or returning the mother liquor to the metal processing plant;
wherein the fluid stream is an anolyte from a metal electrowinning step of the plant.
20. The process according to claim 19 , wherein crystallizing the metal sulfate comprises a first crystallization step and a second crystallization step, and the crystallized metal sulfate from the first crystallization step is redissolved and recrystallized in the second crystallization step.
21. The process according to claim 20 , wherein a mother liquor from the second crystallization step is returned to either the first crystallization step or another step of the plant or process.
22. The process of claim 19 , wherein the mother liquor is acidic.
23. The process of claim 22 , wherein returning the mother liquor to the plant comprises using the mother liquor upstream in the plant as a leaching agent.
24. The process of claim 19 , wherein the process comprises:
receiving a portion of the fluid stream from the metal processing plant; or
returning the mother liquor to the plant.
25. The process of claim 19 , further comprising:
refining the fluid stream prior to crystallizing; or
basifying the mother liquor.
26. The process according to claim 19 , wherein the fluid stream comprises nickel, cobalt, or manganese ions.
27. The process according to claim 19 , wherein the crystallized metal sulfate is a hydrated salt or is battery grade nickel sulfate.
28. The process according to claim 19 , wherein the mother liquor is a bleed stream used to preload an organic extractant in a solvent extraction step of the plant, with the metal sulfate to be recovered, to reduce a sodium, ammonium, or other impurity cation concentration in the stream in which the mother liquor is returned.
29. The process of claim 19 , wherein diverting at least a portion of the fluid stream from a process performed in a metal processing plant comprises diverting a fluid side-stream from the metal processing plant.
30. The process of claim 19 , wherein the process is integrated with a metal processing plant.
31. The process of claim 19 , wherein controlling operational parameters of the crystallizer to crystalize a metal sulfate over an impurity comprises:
bleeding the mother liquor from the crystallizer; and
controlling the bleed rate from the crystallizer to inhibit crystallizing the impurity when crystallizing the metal sulfate, or
controlling the bleed rate from the crystallizer to crystallize one metal sulfate over another metal sulfate.
32. The process of claim 19 , wherein the impurity comprises sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, fluoride, copper, iron, aluminum, zinc, and/or borates.
33. The process of claim 19 , wherein the plant is one or more of a metal electrowinning plant, a metal hydrogen reduction plant, a metal intermediate production plant, or a metal oxide production plant.