PVC and PVC alloy formulations for use as resins in thermoplastic continuous fiber reinforcement composites and methods of formulating the same
Disclosed herein are thermoplastic polymer matrix compositions for a continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite article, comprising at least one of poly(vinyl chloride) and/or chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride). Also disclosed herein are methods for formulating thermoplastic polymer matrix compositions suitable for impregnating continuous fibers for continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite articles, wherein the thermoplastic polymer matrix compositions have sufficient viscosity and thermal stability to impregnate continuous fibers and withstand thermal treatment at high temperatures and long residence times without decomposing.
1. A thermoplastic polymer matrix composition for a continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite article, comprising:
100 phr of poly(vinyl chloride) having a k-value of at least about 30 and about 60 or less;
1.5 to 4 phr of one or more tin-based stabilizers or co-stabilizers;
10 to 30 phr of one or more styrene-based or acrylic-based core-shell modifiers;
0.1 to 5 phr of one or more acrylic-based process aids; and
0.5 to 5 phr of one or more polyolefin- or polyester-based lubricants.
2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of: blend polymers; oligomers; and additives.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises one or more blend polymers and/or oligomers selected from acrylics, acrylic copolymers, olefins, olefin copolymers, polyamides, polyamide copolymers, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, styrenics, and combinations or blends thereof.
4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the composition comprises one or more additives selected from scavengers, smoke suppressants, fillers, colorants, special effects additives, and combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the one or more blend polymers comprises poly(methyl methacrylate).
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a two-roll mill stability of at least 30 minutes at 320° F.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the composition has a two-roll mill stability of at least 40 minutes at 320° F.
8. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the composition has a two-roll mill stability of at least 50 minutes at 320° F.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a complex viscosity, measured as parallel plate viscosity, of at least about 450 Pas at 100 rad/s angular frequency and 200° C.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity, measured by capillary rheology, of at least about 1,100 Pa's at 390° F. and a shear rate of 94.25 s −1 .
11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the composition has a viscosity, measured by capillary rheology, of at least about 1,400 Pas at 390° F. and a shear rate of 94.25 s −1 .
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:
1.5 to 3.5 phr of the one or more tin-based stabilizers or co-stabilizers;
10 to 20 phr of the one or more styrene-based or acrylic-based core-shell modifiers;
1 to 5 phr of the one or more acrylic-based process aids; and
1 to 5 phr of the one or more polyolefin- or polyester-based lubricants.
13. The composition of claim 12 , further comprising:
0.01 to 3 phr of one or more scavengers; and
0.01 to 50 phr of one or more flame retardants.
14. A method of formulating a thermoplastic polymer matrix composition for a continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite article,
wherein the composition comprises:
poly(vinyl chloride) having a k-value of at least about 30 and about 60 or less;
1.5 to 4 phr of one or more tin-based stabilizers or co-stabilizers;
10 to 30 phr of one or more styrene-based or acrylic-based core-shell modifiers;
0.01 to 0.1 to 5 phr of one or more acrylic-based process aids; and
0.5 to 5 phr of one or more polyolefin- or polyester-based lubricants, the method comprising:
adjusting the dynamic thermal stability of the composition, measured by a two-roll mill stability test, to at least 30 minutes at 320° F., by adding one or more stabilizers, co-stabilizers, and/or lubricants to the composition; and
adjusting the viscosity of the composition, as measured by capillary rheology at 390° F. and a shear rate of 94.25 s −1 , to at least 1,000 Pa's by adding one or more lubricants, blend polymers, and/or process aids to the composition.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the dynamic thermal stability is at least 40 minutes at 320° F.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the dynamic thermal stability is at least 50 minutes at 320° F.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the viscosity is at least 1,100 Pa·s.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the viscosity is at least 1,400 Pa·s.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the composition comprises poly(methyl methacrylate).
20. A composite material, comprising:
a thermoplastic polymer matrix composition comprising:
poly(vinyl chloride) having a k-value of at least about 30 and about 60 or less;
1.5 to 4 phr of one or more tin-based stabilizers or co-stabilizers;
10 to 30 phr of one or more styrene-based or acrylic-based core-shell modifiers;
0.01 to 0.1 to 5 phr of one or more acrylic-based process aids; and
0.5 to 5 phr of one or more polyolefin- or polyester-based lubricants; and
a reinforcing material comprising continuous fibers in contact with the thermoplastic polymer matrix composition,
wherein the thermoplastic polymer matrix composition impregnates the reinforcing material.