Methods and systems to control flow and heat transfer between subsurface wellbores connected hydraulically by fractures
A controlled rate of propagation of the fluid saturation front or thermal front is desired in may oil and gas and geothermal operations. Natural fractures and fractures created during hydraulic stimulation may have heterogeneous hydraulic properties resulting in uneven flow distributions, therefore leading to short-circuiting and breakthrough issues. The present invention relates to wellbores connected hydraulically by multiple fracture zones; methods are directed to control for even flow distribution among fractures, regardless of heterogeneities in fracture hydraulic properties, and to control propagation of saturation fronts and thermal fronts in subsurface reservoirs.
1. A well system for recovery of geothermal energy, the system comprising:
an injection well in a geothermal reservoir below a surface of earth;
a producing well in the geothermal reservoir;
a fluid flow path through the geothermal reservoir and placing the injection well and the producing well in fluid communication, wherein the system is configured to flow a heat recovery fluid from the injection well through the reservoir and into the producing well;
the fluid flow path comprising a plurality of fracture zones, wherein at least two of the fracture zones have different flow characteristic;
the injection well comprising a plurality of stages, wherein each of the stages includes a predetermined perforation pattern, the predetermined perforation pattern based in part on respective flow characteristics of the fracture zones, wherein the predetermined perforation pattern is configured to be used to make perforations at each of the stages, the predetermined perforation pattern defined before the perforations occur; and
wherein the system is configured to provide for a substantially uniform flow between the injection well and a production well.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the perforations in at least one of the stages is zero phased.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the perforations in at least one of the stages is 60° phased.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fracture zones comprise a plurality of proppants.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the proppants define a proppant pack.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the proppant pack comprises a monolayer distribution of the proppant in the plurality of fracture zones.
7. The system of claim 4 , wherein the proppants comprise microproppants.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein a majority of each of the plurality of fracture zones have a different flow characteristic.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system is configured to provide for a substantially uniform temperature front of a heat recovery fluid through the reservoir between the injection well and the production well.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the substantially uniform flow is characterized in part by having a flow across at least 85% of the perforations that is uniform.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined perforation pattern includes at least one of a number of perforations, a distribution of perforations, a density of the perforations, a diameter of the perforations, a shape of the perforations, an orientation of the perforations, a phasing of the perforations, a depth of penetration of the perforations, an energy of a perforation shot charge, or a type of perforation shot charge.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined perforation pattern is first defined in a pre-characterization modeling step before the plurality of perforations occur, and wherein the perforation pattern is generated using the pre-characterization modeling step.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the pre-characterization modeling step is analytical modeling, computational modeling, or data analytics modeling.
14. A method to achieve even flow in fractures distributed across two or more stages of a borehole having vertical and horizontal sections, the method comprising:
selecting a horizontal section of the borehole in a reservoir containing a natural resource;
wherein the selected horizontal section defines a length and comprises a series of hydraulic fracture treatment stages;
pre-defining perforation patterns for each stage of a plurality of stages along the length of the selected horizontal section, wherein each perforation pattern includes a series of perforation holes that cause a friction pressure drop when fluid flows through, wherein a respective pattern of the perforation patterns is pre-defined before perforations occur; and
wherein the perforation patterns for the plurality of stages are configured to produce substantially uniform flow during hydraulic fracture treatment operations and during production operations.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein substantially uniform flow includes a rate from about 40 Kg/s to about 100 Kg/s.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the fluid comprises a proppant.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein each perforation pattern is configured to comprise at least one of a number of perforations, a phasing of the perforations, a diameter of the perforations, a shape of the perforations, a spacing of the perforations, or a depth of penetration of the perforations.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the perforation patterns for the plurality of stages are configured to produce a substantially uniform temperature front of a heat recovery fluid during production operations.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the perforation patterns are first defined in a pre-characterization modeling step before the plurality of perforations occur, and wherein the perforation patterns are generated using the pre-characterization modeling step.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the pre-characterization modeling step is analytical modeling, computational modeling, or data analytics modeling.