Additive manufacturing on pliable substrates
Provided herein are systems and methods for printing a 3D object on a pliable substrate. In some aspects, the pliable substrate is moved through a vat of polymeric precursor while a mechanism (e.g., having opposing belts) maintains contact with the peripheral edges of the substrate. The systems and methods described herein can have certain advantages, such as precise control over the pliable substrate, allowing for precision printing of 3D articles.
1. A method for printing a 3D object, the method comprising:
a. directing radiation at a first location of a volume of polymer precursor adjacent to a pliable substrate, thereby forming a first polymer layer on or adjacent to the pliable substrate;
b. moving the pliable substrate through the volume of polymer precursor while pinching peripheral edges of the pliable substrate by one or more pairs of pinch points on opposing surfaces of the pliable substrate such that at a corresponding contact point on the pliable substrate, the one or more pairs of pinch points are opposing to each other, wherein each pinch point of the one or more pairs of pinch points is configured to move linearly with the pliable substrate and maintain contact with the corresponding contact point on the pliable substrate while the pliable substrate is moving; and
c. directing radiation at a second location of the volume of polymer precursor which is adjacent to the first location, thereby forming a second polymer layer on the first polymer layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral edges are parallel to a direction in which the pliable substrate is moved.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a surface of the pliable substrate on which the first polymer layer is formed is not contacted by a roller spanning a width of the pliable substrate.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pliable substrate moves into the volume of polymer precursor, bends, and exits the volume of polymer precursor, wherein the pliable substrate bends at a bend.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising, while moving the pliable substrate through the volume of polymer precursor, pinching the peripheral edges of the pliable substrate by the one or more pairs of pinch points, wherein a first linear pinch zone comprising the one or more pairs of pinch points occurs before the bend in the pliable substrate and a second linear pinch zone comprising the one or more pairs of pinch points occurs after the bend in the pliable substrate.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein a series of rollers guide the pliable substrate through an area in which the pliable substrate bends.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising supporting a back side of the pliable substrate which is on an opposite side of a surface of the pliable substrate upon which the first polymer layer is printed.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein contact is maintained with the peripheral edges along the entire portion of the pliable substrate that is in contact with the volume of polymer precursor.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein contact is maintained with the peripheral edges of the pliable substrate until the second polymer layer is cured.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pliable substrate is under a constant tension while the pliable substrate is in the volume of polymer precursor.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising guiding or positioning the pliable substrate prior to maintaining contact with the peripheral edges of the pliable substrate.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising smoothing the pliable substrate.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the pliable substrate is smoothed prior to maintaining contact with the peripheral edges of the pliable substrate.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising repeating (c) to produce a 3D polymer object.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising removing the 3D polymer object from the pliable substrate.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein a mechanism that maintains contact with the peripheral edges does not contact a portion of the pliable substrate upon which the first polymer layer is formed.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more pairs of pinch points comprise a first flat surface in touch with a first surface of the opposing surfaces of the pliable substrate and a second flat surface in touch with a second surface of the opposing surfaces of the pliable substrate, the first surface and the second surface being opposite each other.