Method for additively manufacturing three-dimensional components and corresponding device
The invention relates to a method for additively manufacturing, wherein an irradiation path of the impinging beam deviates during the feed from a, in particular straight, feed centre line M, wherein at least one line P parallel to M or corresponding to M is successively crossed by the irradiation path at three points P 1 , P 2 and P 3 , so that applies: P 2 lies further forward in the feed direction than P 1 and P 3 lies between P 1 and P 2 , at a distance p 1 from P 1 and a distance p 2 from P 2 , where: p 2 /p 1 ≥2.0, preferably p 2 /p 1 ≥3.5.
1. A method for additively manufacturing three-dimensional components by layer-by-layer application of a build-up material and locally selective solidification of the build-up material, the method comprising:
impinging at least on beam on the build-up material, the at least one beam following a feed direction,
wherein an irradiation path of the at one beam deviates during a feed from a feed center line M, wherein at least one line (L, M, T) parallel to M or corresponding to M is successively crossed by the irradiation path at three points P 1 , P 2 and P 3 , so that applies:
P 2 lies further forward in the feed direction than P 1 ; and
P 3 lies between P 1 and P 2 , at a distance p 1 from P 1 and a distance p 2 from P 2 , where: p 2 /p 1 > 3 . 0 ;
wherein at least one maximum of a deviation from M in a section of the irradiation path between P 1 and P 2 is a point-shaped maximum and/or at least one maximum of a deviation is a line-shaped maximum with a length 1 for which applies: 1≤0.30*(p 1 +p 2 ).
2. The method according to claim 1 ,
wherein the irradiation path of the impinging beam deviates during the feed from the feed center line M, wherein a deviation from M passes through at least two at least local maxima s 1 and s 2 , wherein according to absolute value applies: s 1 ≠s 2 .
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein between s 1 and s 2 at least one change of direction with respect to the feed direction takes place.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein s 1 and s 2 are on the same side of M or on different sides of M.
5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein an irradiation path of the beam comprises, the points A, B, C, D and E which are successively traversed,
wherein the point E is closer to the point A than the point C,
wherein the points B and D are on different sides of M,
wherein, on a first section of the irradiation path lying between points A and C, point B defines the maximum s 1 and, on a second section of the irradiation path lying between points C and E, point D defines the maximum s 2 .
6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the deviation from M passes through at least a third local maximum s 3 , wherein according to absolute value applies: s 3 ≠s 1 and/or s 3 ≠s 2 .
7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein applies: s 2 ≤0.95*s 1 .
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the irradiation path runs such that a separating line T is defined, wherein the irradiation path comprises first and second irradiation path sections which are separated from one another by the separating line T, wherein reversal points of the irradiation path lie on the separating line T and/or wherein a shape of the second irradiation path sections corresponds to a shape of the first irradiation path sections, but the second irradiation path sections are smaller than the first irradiation path sections, wherein the separating line T runs parallel at a distance from M, such that at least one maximum R 1 on one side of T is greater than at least one maximum R 2 on ananother side of T.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the irradiation path in sections forms an arc of a circle, and/or wherein the irradiation path in sections forms an ellipse arc.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the irradiation path is straight in sections.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a distance between a first point of intersection of the irradiation path with M and a respective next-but-one point of intersection with M remains constant.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a distance between a first reversal point of the irradiation path, at which a component of the direction of the irradiation path running parallel to the feed direction changes sign, and a respective next such reversal point, at which the change in sign is the same, remains constant.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein between P 3 and P 2 there is at least one further point at which the irradiation path crosses a line P and wherein P is parallel to M.
14. An irradiation unit, for carrying out the method according to claim 1 , for a manufacturing device for additively manufacturing three-dimensional components by layer-by-layer application of a build-up material by means of at least one coating unit and locally selective solidification of the build-up material by at least one beam impinging on the build-up material and following a feed direction, wherein a control unit is provided and configured to control an irradiation path of the impinging beam such that the irradiation path of the impinging beam deviates during the feed from a feed center line M, wherein at least one line P parallel to M or corresponding to M is successively crossed by the irradiation path at three points P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 , so that applies:
P 2 lies further forward in the feed direction than P 1 and
P 3 lies between P 1 and P 2 , at a distance p 1 from P 1 and a distance p 2 from P 2 , where: p 2 /p 1 ≥3.5,
wherein at least one maximum of a deviation from M in a section of the irradiation path between P 1 and P 2 is a point-shaped maximum and/or at least one such maximum is a line-shaped maximum with a length 1 for which applies: 1≤0.30*(p 1 +p 2 ).
15. The irradiation unit according to claim 14 , for a manufacturing device for additively manufacturing three-dimensional components by layer-by-layer application of a build-up material by means of at least one coating unit and locally selective solidification of the build-up material by at least one beam impinging on the build-up material and following a feed direction, wherein a control unit is provided and configured to control an irradiation path of the impinging beam such that the irradiation path of the impinging beam during the feed deviates from a feed center line M, wherein a deviation from M passes through at least two at least local maxima s 1 and s 2 , wherein according to absolute value applies: s 1 ≠s 2 .
16. A manufacturing device for additively manufacturing three-dimensional components, configured for carrying out the method according to claim 1 and/or comprising an irradiation unit and at least one coating unit.