Water treatment for removing PFAS
An above-ground low-energy method of dewatering highly contaminated waste e.g. leachate contaminated with at least a first group of contaminants and PFAS is described. The method comprises the step of removing the PFAS before removing the first group of contaminants. The removal of PFAS is undertaken by actively aerating the contaminated waste comprising PFAS to produce a waste stream comprising a concentration of PFAS and a liquid stream having at least some of the first group of contaminants. The one or more liquid streams are separated from the waste streams so as to dewater the contaminated waste. Optionally, the liquid streams are treated to remove the first group of contaminants.
1. A continuous sequential active aeration process for removing PFAS from a contaminated liquid, the process comprising the steps of:
actively aerating the contaminated liquid in a first vessel using a first applied air rate through a diffuser to produce a first liquid stream;
discharging the first liquid stream from the first vessel into a second vessel in fluid communication with the first vessel,
subjecting the first liquid stream to a second process comprising actively aerating the first liquid stream in the second vessel using a second applied air rate through a diffuser to produce a second liquid stream;
subjecting the second liquid stream to a further process thereby generating a third liquid stream;
wherein the first applied air rate is independently controllable relative to the second applied air rate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminated liquid comprises a first group of contaminants alongside the PFAS, wherein the first group of contaminants are removed after the PFAS removal.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the further process comprises a third stage of active aeration comprising actively aerating the second liquid stream in a third vessel using a third applied air rate through a diffuser to produce the third liquid stream, wherein the third applied air pressure is independently controllable.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein each stage of active aeration generates a foam, and the foam(s) is/are sent to a fourth vessel for treatment.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein output from the fourth vessel is subject to a solar evaporation drying process to further concentrate the PFAS.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first group of contaminants comprises materials that contribute to TOC, materials that contribute to TDS, oil(s), heavy metal(s) or materials that contribute to TN including ammonia.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contaminated liquid has a TOC level greater than about 5 mg/L.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the waste is selected from one or more of sewerage, leachate, contaminated surface water, municipal wastewater and industrial wastewater.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the PFAS includes perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (conjugate base perfluorooctanesulfonate) (PFOS).
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the active aeration is foam fractionation.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein each vessel is an aerated separator and the applied air is introduced through the bottom of the respective aerated separator.