Directly electrical heated reactor
The invention relates to a reactor comprising a moving bed of solid particles that move in the direction of gravitation, and to a method for heating a reactor that comprises a moving bed, for the purpose of pyrolysis reactions.
1. A reactor for carrying out a pyrolysis reaction, the reactor comprising:
a high end and a low end;
a reaction zone having a length and varying flow cross-sections over the length;
a moving bed of solid particles having an outlet at the low end of the reactor and configured to move in a high end to low end downward direction;
electrical electrodes disposed in an annularly concentric configuration within the reaction zone; and
an educt inlet for gaseous educts and a product outlet for products, wherein the educt inlet and the product outlet are disposed in a manner so that in operation, an educt and product stream can move in a low end to high end upward direction in counterflow relative to a movement of the moving bed in the high end to low end downward direction.
2. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical electrodes have a length, varying conductivities over the length, and contain a graphite-containing material.
3. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the varying flow cross-sections of the reactor change over the length of the reaction zone such that the varying flow cross-sections have a conical or nearly conical shape.
4. The reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of supply lines for supplying a refrigerant gas to the reactor, wherein the plurality of supply lines are near the product outlet.
5. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor has a conical part and a cone having a wide part, and the moving bed has a supply region, the conical part arranged such that the wide part of the cone is arranged in the supply region of the moving bed.
6. A method of heating the moving bed of particles through the reactor of claim 1 and of carrying out a pyrolysis reaction the method comprising heating the moving bed by passing the moving bed through the reactor whereby the moving bed is heated by the electrical electrodes and a pyrolysis reaction is carried out.
7. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising guiding the moving bed in counterflow relative to a moving direction of the educt and product stream.
8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the heating the moving bed is performed by heating the moving bed to a temperature of not less than 900 C and not more than 1200 C.
9. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising using a gas stream educt containing methane, and performing a methane pyrolysis using the reactor.
10. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising cooling an exiting product stream by supplying a refrigerant gas near the product outlet.
11. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the solid particles are capable of passing in bulk through the reaction zone in a direction of gravitation.
12. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the moving bed has a supply region and wherein the varying flow cross sections of the reactor vary over the length of the reaction zone such that the reaction zone has a conical shape, the reactor further comprising a cone having a wide part wherein the wide part of the cone is arranged in the supply region of the moving bed.
13. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical electrodes are configured to heat the moving bed in the reaction zone.
14. The method of claim 6 , further comprising withdrawing the moving bed directly from the reactor wherein prior to the withdrawing of the moving bed, due to heat exchange between a stream and the moving bed, the moving bed has a temperature lower than prior to the heat exchange between the stream and the moving bed.