Toner and method for producing toner
A toner includes a toner particle containing a resin component including a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin. In a cross-sectional observation of the toner particle, a domain-matrix structure which comprises a matrix containing the crystalline resin and domains containing the amorphous resin is observed. The maximum endothermic peak temperature Tm of the toner determined by DSC is 50° C. to 80° C. When the storage elastic modulus of the toner at a temperature 5° C. lower than Tm is G′(−5) (Pa), and the storage elastic modulus of the toner at a temperature 5° C. higher than Tm is G′(+5) (Pa), G′(−5) and G′(+5) satisfy inequality (1), and when the maximum loss tangent of the toner in a temperature range of from 50° C. to 130° C. is tan δ (Max), tan δ (Max) satisfies inequality (2).
1. A toner comprising a toner particle containing a resin component including a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin,
wherein in a cross-sectional observation of the toner particle, a domain-matrix structure which comprises a matrix containing the crystalline resin and domains containing the amorphous resin is observed,
a maximum endothermic peak temperature Tm (° C.) of the toner determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is 50° C. to 80° C.,
G′(−5) and G′(+5) satisfy inequality (1):
G ′(−5)/ G ′(+5)≥50 (1)
where G′(−5) (Pa) is a storage elastic modulus of the toner at a temperature 5° C. lower than Tm (° C.), and G′(+5) (Pa) is a storage elastic modulus of the toner at a temperature 5° C. higher than Tm (° C.), and
tan δ (Max) satisfies inequality (2):
0.0≤tan δ(Max)≤1.50 (2)
where tan δ (Max) is a maximum loss tangent of the toner in a temperature range of from 50° C. to 130° C.,
the resin component contains tetrahydrofuran insoluble matter, and a content of the tetrahydrofuran insoluble matter with respect to a content of the resin component is 5.0 mass % to 80.0 mass %, and
the tetrahydrofuran insoluble matter contains a cross-linked resin in which the crystalline resin and the amorphous resin are bonded together wherein the crystalline resin is a vinyl polymer A containing a monomer unit A represented by formula (A):
Where, in formula (A), R 1 represents H or CH 3 , and R 2 represents an alkyl group having 18 to 36 carbon atoms.
2. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein tan δ (Max) satisfies inequality (3): 0.0≤tan δ (Max)≤0.98 . . . (3).
3. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein G′(+5) (Pa) is 1.00×10 4 Pa to 1.00×10 6 Pa.
4. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the monomer unit A with respect to a content of the vinyl polymer A is 30.0 mass % to 99.9 mass %.
5. The toner according to claim 4 , wherein the vinyl polymer A further contains a monomer unit B, and the monomer unit B has at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group and a sulfo group.
6. The toner according to claim 5 , wherein a content of the monomer unit B with respect to a content of the vinyl polymer A is 0.5 mass % to 30.0 mass %.
7. The toner according to claim 5 , wherein the vinyl polymer A further contains a monomer unit C, and the monomer unit C is at least one monomer unit selected from the group consisting of a monomer unit represented by formula (B):
and a monomer unit represented by formula (C):
where, in formula (C), R 13 represents H or CH 3 .
8. The toner according to claim 5 , wherein the vinyl polymer A further contains a monomer unit D, and the monomer unit D is at least one monomer unit selected from the group consisting of a monomer unit represented by formula (D):
and a monomer unit represented by formula (E):
where, in formulae (D) and (E), X represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 4 represents a cyano group (—C≡N), —C(═O)NHR 7 (where R 7 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a hydroxy group, —COOR 8 (where R 8 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), —NHCOOR 9 (where R 9 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), —NH—C(═O)—NH(R 10 ) 2 (where each R 10 is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), —COO(CH 2 ) 2 NHCOOR 11 (where R 11 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), or —COO(CH 2 ) 2 —NH—C(═O)—NH(R 12 ) 2 (where each R 12 is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), R 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R 3 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or CH 3 .
9. A method for producing the toner according to claim 1 , the method comprising:
a step of obtaining a kneaded product by melt-kneading a mixture containing vinyl polymer A having crystallinity and an amorphous resin; and
a step of obtaining a pulverized product by pulverizing the kneaded product,
and a monomer unit B having at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group and a sulfo group, and
SP P and SP B satisfy inequality (4):
| SP P −SP B |≤5.0 (4)
where SP P (J/cm 3 ) 0.5 is a solubility parameter (SP) value of the amorphous resin, and SP B (J/cm 3 ) 0.5 is an SP value of the monomer unit B.
10. The method for producing the toner according to claim 9 , wherein the amorphous resin is polyester.
11. The method for producing the toner according to claim 9 , wherein the step of obtaining a kneaded product is a step of obtaining a kneaded product by melt-kneading a mixture further containing a radical initiator, and the amorphous resin has a carbon-carbon double bond.