Random ring photonic integrated circuit spectrometer
An integrated optical spectrometer includes an optical bus configured to accept a light to be measured. Each ring resonator of an array of integrated ring resonators and detectors is optically coupled to the optical bus and to at least one detector. A matrix multiplication process is operatively coupled to each detector. The matrix multiplication process determines based on data from the array of integrated ring resonators and detectors and a calibration matrix of the array of integrated ring resonators and detectors, a spectral content of the light to be measured. A method of calibrating and operating an integrated optical spectrometer, a method to generate a calibration matrix for a ring array of a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) spectrometer, and a method for spectrum reconstruction for a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) spectrometer are also described.
1. An integrated optical spectrometer comprising:
an optical bus configured to accept a light to be measured;
an array of integrated ring resonators and detectors, each ring resonator optically coupled to said optical bus and to at least one detector, and
wherein each ring resonator in the array of ring resonators is an optical cavity; and
a processor configured to perform a matrix multiplication process operatively coupled to each detector,
wherein said matrix multiplication process determines a spectral content of the light to be measured based on data from said array of integrated ring resonators and detectors and a calibration matrix of said array of integrated ring resonators and detectors; and
wherein said matrix multiplication process comprises an operation of decomposing an incoming spectrum of light into a linear combination of ring resonator modes,
wherein the modes are the spectral content of light to be measured that resonates in the cavity of each ring resonator.
2. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 1 , wherein a compressed sensing algorithm, a number of ring resonators, and a sparsity of input spectrum determine a resolution and a spectral range of the integrated optical spectrometer.
3. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 1 , comprising a narrow spectral range high resolution mode by lining up resonances of ring resonators of said array of integrated ring resonators and detectors to sample a spectrum at a resolution of a resonance line-width.
4. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of micro heaters.
5. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 4 , wherein in a zoom mode, a plurality of ring resonator resonances is tuned by said micro heaters to sample a spectrum across a resonator spectral range at high resolution.
6. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 4 , wherein each micro heater is disposed directly above a ring resonator waveguide.
7. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 5 , wherein each micro heater is disposed in relation to a ring resonator waveguide so that said micro heater substantially does not contribute an optical loss from absorption due to modal interaction with a heater metal of said micro heater.
8. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 1 , comprising a CMOS compatible photonic platform based on silicon nitride.
9. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 8 , further comprising silicon dioxide, silicon, and germanium.
10. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 1 , comprising integrated silicon photodetectors responsive to a range from about 400 nm to 1000 nm.
11. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 1 , comprising germanium detectors responsive to a range from about 1000 nm to 1600 nm.
12. The integrated optical spectrometer of claim 1 , comprising InAsSb detectors responsive to a range from about 1600 nm to 4000 nm.
13. A method of calibrating and operating an integrated optical spectrometer comprising:
providing an optical bus configured to accept a light to be measured, and an array of integrated ring resonators and detectors, each ring resonator optically coupled to said optical bus and each ring resonator optically coupled to at least one detector, wherein each ring resonator in the array of ring resonators is an optical cavity;
generating a calibration matrix for said array of integrated ring resonators and detectors by scanning at least once, a wavelength of the light to be measured with a spectral channel interval dλ; and
decomposing an incoming spectrum of light into a linear combination of ring resonator modes to determine a spectral content of the light to be measured based on data from each detector of said array of integrated ring resonators and detectors and said calibration matrix.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said step of decomposing further includes in a zoom mode, tuning by micro heaters a plurality of ring resonator resonances to sample a spectrum across a resonator spectral range at high resolution.
15. A method to generate a calibration matrix for an array of ring resonators of a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) spectrometer comprising:
determining a spectrometer wavelength and bandwidth;
determining a scanning interval dλ by the full width half maximum (FWHM) of a spectral correlation function;
tuning a tunable wavelength tunable light source or a wavelength selectable light source to a starting wavelength λ 0 with one unit of power, where a bandwidth of the tunable laser is smaller than dλ;
recording data obtained from the array of ring resonators a set of detectors, wherein each ring resonator in the array of ring resonators has at least one detector optically coupled to it, and each ring resonator is an optical cavity, which data forms a first column of a calibration matrix;
tuning the wavelength tunable light source or the wavelength selectable light source to a wavelength of λ 0 +dλ with the same amount of power;
recording data from the detectors, which data forms a next column of the calibration matrix; and
repeating the measurements of tuning the wavelength tunable light source or the wavelength selectable light source to a wavelength of λ 0 +dλ and recording data from the detectors to an end wavelength to complete the calibration matrix.