Geared air cycle machine
An air cycle machine includes a turbine section, a compressor section, and an axial flux magnetic gear system electromechanically coupling the turbine section to the compressor section. The axial flux magnetic gear system includes a stator, two rotors, a winding system, and a control module. The stator includes stator pole sections and is oriented about a stator axis. Each rotor includes magnets arranged radially about a rotational axis which is aligned with the stator axis. Each rotor interacts with the stator such that the rotor rotates at a rotational speed when the axial flux magnetic gear system is exposed to an electrical current. The winding system stabilizes the position of the rotors along their rotational axes. The control module is configured to supply the electrical current to at least one of the winding system, the stator, and the rotors to drive rotation of the rotors.
1. An air cycle machine comprising:
a turbine section;
a compressor section; and
an axial flux magnetic gear system electromechanically coupling the turbine section to the compressor section, the axial flux magnetic gear system comprising:
a stator comprising a plurality of stator pole sections and oriented about a magnetic gear system axis such that the plurality of stator pole sections are distributed circumferentially about the magnetic gear system axis;
a first rotor comprising a first plurality of magnets distributed circumferentially about the magnetic gear system axis and configured to interact with the stator such that the first rotor rotates at a first rotational speed when the axial flux magnetic gear system is exposed to an electrical current;
a second rotor comprising a second plurality of magnets distributed circumferentially about the magnetic gear system axis and configured to interact with the stator such that the second rotor rotates at a second rotational speed when the axial flux magnetic gear system is exposed to the electrical current;
a winding system operable to stabilize a position of the first rotor and a position of the second rotor along the magnetic gear system axis; and
a control module configured to drive rotation of the second rotor about the magnetic gear system by supplying the electrical current to at least one of: the winding system, the stator, the first rotor, and the second rotor.
2. The air cycle machine of claim 1 , wherein the first rotational speed is greater than the second rotational speed.
3. The air cycle machine of claim 1 , wherein the second rotational speed is greater than the first rotational speed.
4. The air cycle machine of claim 1 , wherein the first rotor is operatively connected to a turbine of the air cycle machine and the second rotor is operatively connected to a compressor of the air cycle machine such that rotation of the turbine drives rotation of the first rotor and rotation of the second rotor drives rotation of the compressor.
5. The air cycle machine of claim 1 , further comprising a stabilization system for at least one shaft of the air cycle machine which stabilizes a position of the at least one shaft along a rotational axis of the at least one shaft.
6. The air cycle machine of claim 5 , wherein the stabilization system is a bearing system.
7. The air cycle machine of claim 1 , wherein:
the first rotor comprises a first number of magnets;
the second rotor comprises a second number of magnets; and
the first number of magnets relative to the second number of magnets is determined by a gear ratio of the axial flux magnetic gear system.
8. An air cycle machine comprising:
a turbine section comprising a plurality of turbine flow elements disposed about a turbine shaft;
a compressor section comprising a plurality of compressor flow elements disposed about a compressor shaft axially aligned with the turbine shaft; and
an electrical gearbox located between and electromechanically coupling the turbine shaft and the compressor shaft, the electrical gearbox comprising:
a gearbox housing; and
an axial flux magnetic gear system comprising disposed within the gearbox housing and comprising:
a stator comprising a plurality of stator pole sections oriented about a magnetic gear system axis such that the plurality of stator pole sections are distributed circumferentially about the magnetic gear system axis, and located between a first rotor and second rotor;
the first rotor, comprising a first plurality of magnets distributed circumferentially about the magnetic gear system axis and configured to interact with the stator such that the first rotor rotates at a first rotational speed when the axial flux magnetic gear system is exposed to an electrical current, wherein the first rotor is mechanically coupled to the turbine shaft;
the second rotor, comprising a second plurality of magnets distributed circumferentially about the magnetic gear system axis and configured to interact with the stator such that the second rotor rotates at a second rotational speed when the axial flux magnetic gear system is exposed to the electrical current, wherein the second rotor is mechanically coupled to the compressor shaft;
a winding system operable to stabilize a position of the first rotor and a position of the second rotor along the magnetic gear system axis; and
a control module configured to drive rotation of the second rotor about the magnetic gear system by supplying the electrical current to at least one of: the winding system, the stator, the first rotor, and the second rotor.
9. The air cycle machine of claim 8 , wherein the first rotor is connected to the turbine shaft and the second rotor is connected to the compressor shaft such that rotation of the turbine drives rotation of the first rotor through rotation of the turbine shaft and rotation of the second rotor drives rotation of the compressor through rotation of the compressor shaft.
10. The air cycle machine of claim 8 , further comprising:
a primary heat exchanger;
a secondary heat exchanger;
a condenser;
a water collector; and
an air mixer.
11. The air cycle machine of claim 8 , further comprising a stabilization system for at least one of the turbine shaft and the compressor shaft, which stabilizes a position of the at least one of the turbine shaft and the compressor shaft along a rotational axis of the at least one of the turbine shaft and the compressor shaft.
12. The air cycle machine of claim 11 , wherein the stabilization system comprises a bearing system.
13. The air cycle machine of claim 8 , wherein:
the first rotor comprises a first number of magnets;
the second rotor comprises a second number of magnets; and
the first number of magnets relative to the second number of magnets is determined by a gear ratio of the axial flux magnetic gear system.
14. A method of operating an air cycle machine for an aircraft, the method comprising:
generating an electrical current;
supplying the electrical current to an axial flux magnetic gear system within an electrical gearbox of the air cycle machine;
rotating a compressor shaft of the air cycle machine using the axial flux magnetic gear system; and
conditioning an airflow for an aircraft cabin of the aircraft using the air cycle machine.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein:
supplying the electrical current to the axial flux magnetic gear system within the electrical gearbox of the air cycle machine comprises supplying the electrical current to at least one of a winding system of the axial flux magnetic gear system, a stator of the axial flux magnetic gear system, a first rotor of the axial flux magnetic gear system, and a second rotor of the axial flux magnetic gear system, wherein:
the first rotor is configured to interact with a stator of the axial flux magnetic gear system such that the first rotor rotates about a magnetic gear system axis at a first rotational speed when the axial flux magnetic gear system is exposed to the electrical current, wherein the stator comprises a plurality of stator pole sections and is oriented along the magnetic gear system axis;
the second rotor is configured to interact with the stator such that the second rotor rotates about the magnetic gear system axis at a second rotational speed when the axial flux magnetic gear system is exposed to the electrical current; and
the winding system stabilizes a position of the first rotor and a position of the second rotor along the magnetic gear system axis; and
rotating the compressor shaft of the air cycle machine using the axial flux magnetic gear system comprises:
rotating a turbine shaft through operation of a turbine of the air cycle machine;
rotating the first rotor about the magnetic gear system axis through rotation of the turbine shaft, wherein the first rotor is mechanically coupled to the turbine shaft;
rotating the second rotor about the magnetic gear system axis; and
rotating the compressor shaft through rotation of the second rotor, wherein the second rotor is mechanically coupled to the compressor shaft.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein conditioning the airflow for the aircraft cabin of the aircraft using the air cycle machine comprises:
receiving a flow of air which is bleed air from an engine of the aircraft;
directing the flow of air through a primary heat exchanger;
compressing the flow of air with a compressor of the air cycle machine which is connected to the compressor shaft;
directing the flow of air through a turbine of the air cycle machine; and
delivering the flow of air to the aircraft cabin.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein conditioning the airflow for the aircraft cabin of the aircraft using the air cycle machine further comprises:
directing the flow of air through a secondary heat exchanger;
condensing water vapor in the flow of air using a condenser of the air cycle machine;
collecting water from the flow of air using a water collector of the air cycle machine; and
mixing the flow of air with bleed air from the engine before delivering the flow of air to the aircraft cabin.