Onboard electrical system for a vehicle, vehicle including an onboard electrical system, and method for operating an onboard electrical system for a vehicle
An onboard electrical system is disclosed that includes first, second and third onboard electrical sub-systems for an electric drive unit, electric components and a vehicle battery of a vehicle, respectively. In addition, the system includes a charging terminal, wherein a changeover switch, a first switch element, and a second switch element of the onboard electrical system are physically separated from one another. The charging terminal is galvanically connected to the third onboard electrical sub-system by the first switch element and to the second onboard electrical sub-system by the changeover switch during an electric charging mode of the vehicle battery. The first onboard electrical sub-system is galvanically connected to the third onboard electrical sub-system of the second switch element and to the second onboard electrical sub-system by the changeover switch during a driving mode of the vehicle.
1. An onboard electrical system for a vehicle, comprising:
a first onboard electrical sub-system for an electric drive unit of the vehicle;
a second onboard electrical sub-system for electric components of the vehicle different from the electric drive unit;
a third onboard electrical sub-system for a vehicle battery of the vehicle; and
a charging terminal for providing a charging voltage of a power source,
wherein a changeover switch, a first switch element and a second switch element of the onboard electrical system are physically separated from each other,
wherein the second onboard electrical sub-system is galvanically connected either to the first onboard electrical sub-system or to the charging terminal by the changeover switch,
wherein during an electric charging mode of the vehicle battery, the charging terminal is galvanically connected to the third onboard electrical sub-system by the first switch element and to the second onboard electrical sub-system by the changeover switch, and the first onboard electrical sub-system is galvanically separated from the third onboard electrical sub-system by the second switch element and from the second onboard electrical sub-system by the changeover switch,
wherein during a driving mode of the vehicle, the charging terminal is galvanically separated from the third onboard electrical sub-system by the first switch element and from the second onboard electrical sub-system by the changeover switch, and the first onboard electrical sub-system is galvanically connected to the third onboard electrical sub-system by the second switch element and to the second onboard electrical sub-system by the changeover switch,
wherein the second onboard electrical sub-system is connected to the changeover switch by two potential lines and at least one of the two potential lines comprises a semiconductor fuse,
wherein the semiconductor fuse and the changeover switch together form a hybrid switching device, whereby the changeover switch is switchable load-free and the second onboard electrical sub-system is protected from a short circuit by the hybrid switching device,
wherein a battery voltage is provided by the vehicle battery, and the charging voltage is provided by the charging terminal,
wherein during the electric charging mode of the vehicle battery, the vehicle battery and the second onboard electrical sub-system are supplied with the charging voltage of the charging terminal, and
wherein during the driving mode of the vehicle, the first onboard electrical sub-system and the second onboard electrical sub-system are supplied with the battery voltage.
2. The onboard electrical system according to claim 1 , wherein
the hybrid switching device is additionally galvanically connected to an electric charging unit of the onboard electrical system, or
the hybrid switching device is additionally galvanically connected to the electric charging unit and to a DC voltage converter of the second onboard electrical sub-system.
3. The onboard electrical system according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor fuse comprises a switch element, wherein a current flow from the changeover switch towards the second onboard electrical sub-system can be inhibited by the switch element.
4. The onboard electrical system according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the two potential lines between the changeover switch and the charging terminal comprises an electrical fuse.
5. The onboard electrical system according to claim 1 , the first switch element and the second switch element are each formed as a contactor or as a semiconductor switch.
6. A vehicle with an onboard electrical system according to claim 1 .
7. The vehicle according to claim 6 , wherein the second onboard electrical sub-system is connected to at least one of the electric components selected from a group consisting of an electric refrigerant compressor unit, an electric heating unit, a heat pump and a DC voltage converter.