Glass and glass ceramic composite and method
A glass glass-ceramic composite comprises a substrate comprising an alkali-containing glass bulk, the bulk comprising Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 and alkali, and a glass-ceramic surface layer, the surface layer comprising an alkali-depleted glass ceramic comprising Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 with at least 5% crystalline phase by volume, wherein the alkali-depleted glass ceramic surface layer comprises a mol % Al 2 O 3 of at least 51%. A method of preparing the composite is also disclosed.
1. A glass glass-ceramic composite comprising:
a substrate comprising: an alkali containing glass bulk, the glass bulk comprising material comprising: Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 and alkali, and
a glass-ceramic surface layer integral to the glass substrate produced from the alkali containing glass bulk material of the substrate, by reducing the concentration of alkali in the surface layer of the substrate,
the surface layer of the substrate comprising an alkali-depleted glass ceramic comprising Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 with at least 5% crystalline phase by volume, wherein the alkali-depleted glass ceramic surface layer comprises a mol % Al 2 O 3 of at least 51%.
2. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer comprises about 0.5 atomic % alkali or less.
3. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer is at least 10% crystalline phase by volume.
4. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-containing bulk comprises an alkali-metal oxide or an alkaline-earth oxide selected from Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O, Rb 2 O, Cs 2 O, MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO, and combinations thereof.
5. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 further comprising one or more transition metal oxides.
6. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 5 comprising Ag 2 O.
7. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer comprises Al 2 O 3 in the range from 51 mol % to 90 mol %.
8. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer comprises Al 2 O 3 in the range from 51 mol % to 80 mol %.
9. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer comprises Al 2 O 3 in the range from 55 mol % to 70 mol %.
10. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer comprises Al 2 O 3 in the range from 55 mol % to 65 mol %.
11. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer comprises a binary Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 composition.
12. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer has a thickness in the range from about 10 nm to about 10,000 nm.
13. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer has a thickness in the range from about 10 nm to about 1200 nm.
14. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer has a thickness in the range from about 10 nm to about 600 nm.
15. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer exhibits a cracking probability of 50% or less for a Vicker's indentation load of 10N.
16. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer exhibits a cracking probability of 50% or less for a Vicker's indentation load of 30N.
17. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer exhibits a cracking probability of 50% or less for a Vicker's indentation load of 50N.
18. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer is substantially free of H.
19. The glass glass-ceramic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali-depleted surface layer comprises about 0.5 atomic % H or less.
20. A method of forming a glass glass-ceramic composite, the method comprising:
providing a glass substrate comprising Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 in a molar ratio of greater than 1:1 Al 2 O 3 to SiO 2 and a concentration of alkali, the glass substrate having a glass transition temperature (Tg);
reducing the concentration of alkali in the surface layer by subjecting the glass substrate to thermal poling treatment;
heat-treating the substrate to partially crystallize the surface layer.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein subjecting the glass substrate to thermal poling comprises contacting a first surface of the glass substrate with an anode and contacting a second surface of the glass substrate with a cathode and applying an electrical potential difference having a DC component to the glass substrate such that the anode is positively-biased relative to the glass substrate to induce alkali depletion at the first surface of the glass substrate.
22. The method according to claim 20 wherein thermal poling comprises bringing the glass substrate to a temperature below Tg, then applying an electrical potential difference to the glass substrate.
23. The method according to claim 20 wherein thermal poling comprises applying an electrical potential difference in the range from about 100 volts to about 10,000 volts to the glass substrate for a duration in the range from about 1 minute to about 6 hours.
24. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the glass substrate is subjected to thermal poling under vacuum, in an inert gas environment, in air, or a permeable gas environment.
25. The method according to claim 20 in which heat-treating comprises heat-treating the substrate sufficiently to produce at least 5% crystalline phase by volume.
26. The method according to claim 20 in which heat-treating comprises heat-treating the substrate sufficiently to produce at least 10% crystalline phase by volume.