Method of synthesizing indole compounds
A method of synthesizing indole compounds. The method may include allyllating an indole compound, oxidizing the resulting α-indolepropene, and reductively aminating the resulting indoleacetaldehyde, providing a tryptamine. The indole compound may be substituted with a functional group on the indole ring or may be unsubstituted indole. The method may include substitution, oxidation or other derivatization of the indole ring of the indole compound, of tryptophan, of the tryptamine, or of intermediates. The method may include oxidizing tryptophan or a ring-substituted tryptophan analogue and reductively aminating the resulting indoleacetaldehyde, providing a tryptamine. The method may be applied in a telescoped approach without isolation of intermediates. The method may be applied to production of indoles, α-indolepropenes, indole propyl diols, indoleacetaldehydes and tryptamines. Compounds from each of these classes of compounds are also provided herein.
1. A method of synthesizing a tryptamine, comprising:
allyllating an indole compound comprising an indole ring and optionally a functional group on the indole ring to provide an α-indolepropene;
oxidizing the α-indolepropene to provide an indoleacetaldehyde; and
reductively aminating the indoleacetaldehyde to provide the tryptamine,
wherein oxidizing the α-indolepropene comprises:
oxidizing the α-indolepropene to provide an indole propyl diol; and
oxidizing the indole propyl diol to provide the indoleacetaldehyde; and
wherein oxidizing the indole propyl diol and reductively aminating the indoleacetaldehyde are effected without isolation of intermediates.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the indole compound comprises the functional group on the indole ring and the functional group on the indole ring is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —OR, —NH 2 , —NHR, —NR 2 , —NHCOR, —NO 2 , —CN, —N 3 , —COR, —CO 2 H, —CO 2 R, —CHO, —RCHO, —R, —B(OR) 2 , —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —At, —PO 4 , —PO 2 (OR) 2 , —SO 2 Cl, —SH, —SR, —SO 3 F, —SiH 3 , —SiRH 2 , —SiR 2 H and SiR 3 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, acyl, vinyl, propargyl, phenyl and benzyl, and each separate R group may be identical to other R groups or distinct from other R groups.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the functional group is selected from the group consisting of —PO 2 (OR) 2 wherein R is benzyl, and —SO 3 F.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the functional group is located on position 4 of the indole ring, using the numbering of tryptamine.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein allyllating the indole compound and oxidizing the α-indolepropene to provide the indole propyl diol are effected without isolation of intermediates; and
wherein oxidizing the α-indolepropene to provide the indole propyl diol and oxidizing the indole propyl diol are effected without isolation of intermediates.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein reductively aminating the indoleacetaldehyde comprises reductive amination with dimethylamine; with an amine selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine, methylethylamine, methylisopropylamine and ethylisopropylamine; or with a cyclic secondary amine and the tryptamine comprises a cyclic tertiary amine.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising substituting the functional group on the indole ring for another functional group.
8. A method of synthesizing a tryptamine, comprising:
reductively aminating a ring-substituted indoleacetaldehyde comprising an indole ring and a functional group on the indole ring to provide the tryptamine,
wherein the indoleacetaldehyde is prepared by a method comprising:
oxidizing a ring-substituted α-indolepropene to provide the indoleacetaldehyde,
wherein the α-indolepropene is prepared by a method comprising: allyllating a substituted indole compound to provide the α-indolepropene, and
wherein oxidizing the α-indolepropene and reductively aminating the indoleacetaldehyde are effected without isolation of intermediates.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein oxidizing the α-indolepropene comprises:
oxidizing the α-indolepropene to provide an indole propyl diol; and
oxidizing the indole propyl diol to provide the indoleacetaldehyde.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein allyllating the substituted indole compound and oxidizing the α-indolepropene are effected without isolation of intermediates.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein reductively aminating the indoleacetaldehyde comprises reductive amination with an amine selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylamine, methylethylamine, methylisopropylamine and ethylisopropylamine; or with a cyclic secondary amine and the tryptamine comprises a cyclic tertiary amine.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the functional group is selected from the group consisting of —OH, —OR, —NH 2 , —NHR, —NR 2 , —NHCOR, —NO 2 , —CN, —N 3 , —COR, —CO 2 H, —CO 2 R, —CHO, —RCHO, —R, —B(OR) 2 , —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —At, —PO 4 , —PO 2 (OR) 2 , —SO 2 Cl, —SH, —SR, —SO 3 F, —SiH 3 , —SiRH 2 , —SiR 2 H and SiR 3 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, acyl, vinyl, propargyl, phenyl and benzyl, and each separate R group may be identical to other R groups or distinct from other R groups.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the functional group is selected from the group consisting of —PO 2 (OR) 2 wherein R is benzyl, and —SO 3 F; and wherein the functional group is located on position 4 of the indole ring, using the numbering of tryptamine.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein reductively aminating the indoleacetaldehyde comprises reductive amination with dimethylamine.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the functional group is —PO 2 (OR) 2 wherein R is benzyl; and wherein the functional group is located on position 4 of the indole ring, using the numbering of tryptamine.
16. The method of claim 8 , wherein the functional group is selected from the group consisting of —PO 2 (OR) 2 wherein R is benzyl, and —SO 3 F.
17. The method of claim 8 , wherein the functional group is located on position 4 of the indole ring, using the numbering of tryptamine.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein reductively aminating the indoleacetaldehyde comprises reductive amination with a cyclic secondary amine and the tryptamine comprises a cyclic tertiary amine.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the functional group on the indole ring is located on position 4 of the indole ring, using the numbering of tryptamine, and wherein the functional group on the indole ring is selected from —OH, —OR, —PO 4 , —PO 2 (OR) 2 and —SO 3 F, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, acyl, vinyl, propargyl, phenyl and benzyl, and each separate R group may be identical to other R groups or distinct from other R groups.