Method for controlling a recycle gas stream utilizing an ejector for the cooling of a unit operation
The present invention relates to a method of preparing a gas coolant for the direct cooling of a unit operation under a fixed heat load from its normal operating temperature (e.g., 300° F. and above) to a lower temperature (e.g., below 100° F.) in order to allow for maintenance or other non-routine work to be carried out in said unit operation.
1. A method for direct cooling of a unit operation with a combination of a vaporized motive fluid stream and at least a portion of an effluent gas stream from the unit operation, wherein the direct cooling method comprises:
a. circulating a portion of said effluent gas stream from the unit operation with one or more non-mechanical pumps where the vaporized motive fluid stream is provided as a motive force wherein said unit operation is under a fixed heat load having a temperature in the range of 300 to 500° F.;
b. providing the vaporized motive fluid stream to the one or more non-mechanical pumps at a temperature in the range of −452° F. to 50° F.;
c. forming a cooling stream by combining said effluent gas stream from the unit operation and the vaporized motive fluid in the one or more non-mechanical pumps, wherein the cooling stream has a temperature in the range of −50° F. to 300° F.;
d. adjusting a recycle ratio of mass flow rates of said effluent gas stream from the unit operation to the vaporized motive fluid stream combined in the one or more non-mechanical pumps wherein the recycle ratio is determined by:
Recycle
Ratio
mass
=
C
Mot
*
(
T
C
-
T
Mot
)
C
Eff
*
(
T
Eff
-
T
C
)
where,
the Recycle Ratio mass is the ratio of the mass flow rate of the effluent to the mass flow rate of the vaporized motive fluid stream;
C Mot is the specific heat of the vaporized motive fluid stream;
C Eff is the specific heat of the unit operation effluent stream entering the one or more non-mechanical pumps;
T C is the temperature of the cooling stream or a target temperature of the cooling stream exiting the one or more non-mechanical pumps;
T Mot is the temperature of the vaporized motive fluid stream, and is selected by the operator;
T Eff is the temperature of the unit operation effluent stream entering the one or more non-mechanical pumps; and
direct cooling of said unit operation under the fixed heat load to a lower temperature by routing the cooling stream to the unit operation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein T C used in the determination of Recycle Ratio is equal to T CMAX −ΔT C if T CMAX −T CMIN >ΔT C , where T CMAX is a maximum temperature at any one point of the unit operation, T CMIN is a minimum temperature of the cooling stream, and ΔT C is a predetermined value of a maximum allowable differential temperature between any two points of the unit operation.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein T C used in the determination of Recycle Ratio is equal to T CMIN if T CMAX −T CMIN <ΔT C , where T CMAX is the maximum temperature of the unit operation, T CMIN is a minimum temperature of the cooling stream, and ΔT C a predetermined value of a maximum allowable differential temperature between any two points of the unit operation.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a flow rate of the vaporized motive fluid stream is in the range of 1,000 scf/hr to 5,000,000 scf/hr.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a flow rate of a portion of the effluent gas stream is in the range of 1,000 scf/hr to 5,000,000 scf/hr.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pressure range of the unit operation is in the range of 0 psig to 1,000 psig.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature differential between any two points in the unit operation is no greater than 300° F.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the cooling stream is at a lower temperature than the temperature of the unit operation.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vaporized motive fluid is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, and helium.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unit operation is selected from the group consisting of reactors, distillation columns, rectification columns, storage vessels, strippers, heat exchangers, gas turbines, process heaters, furnaces, and boilers.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is used in the cooling of multiple sections of the same unit operation.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method utilizes a scrubber for removing water, hydrocarbon condensates, particulate, hydrogen sulfide, or other contaminants from the effluent stream.