Cell poration and transfection apparatuses
In example implementations, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a channel, an energy source, and a transfection chamber. The channel includes an indentation to hold a cell. The energy source is to apply a shockwave to the cell in the channel to porate the cell. The transfection chamber is to store a reagent to be inserted into the cell after the cell is porated.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a channel comprising an indentation to hold a cell at a first wall of the channel;
an energy source formed on a second wall of the channel to apply a shockwave to the cell in the channel to porate the cell, the energy source opposite the indentation at the first wall of the channel;
a transfection chamber at an opening formed by the first wall and the second wall of the channel and to store a reagent to be inserted into the cell after the cell is porated; and
a pump on a side of the channel opposite the transfection chamber, wherein the pump is to push the cell through the channel into the transfection chamber by pushing the cell into and out of the indentation and subsequently pushing the cell through the channel and through the opening into the transfection chamber.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the energy source comprises a piezoelectric device that is operated at an oscillating frequency to generate the shockwave.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the energy source comprises a thermal inkjet (TIJ) resistor to generate a microbubble, wherein the shockwave is generated when the microbubble bursts.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the energy source comprises a plurality of energy sources arranged in an array.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the energy source is arranged in a shape around the indentation to shape the shockwave.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first wall is a bottom wall of the channel and the second wall is a top wall of the channel, and wherein a first set of energy sources are located on the top wall of the channel and a second set of energy sources are located on the bottom wall of the channel.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second energy source at the first wall and beneath the indentation to porate the cell while the cell is in the indentation and before the cell is moved up into the channel and into the transfection chamber through the opening.